dwm.c

   1 /* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2  *
   3  * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4  * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5  * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6  * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7  * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8  *
   9  * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10  * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11  * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12  * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13  * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14  * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15  *
  16  * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17  * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18  * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19  * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20  * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
  21  *
  22  * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  23  *
  24  * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  25  */
  26 #include <errno.h>
  27 #include <locale.h>
  28 #include <stdarg.h>
  29 #include <stdio.h>
  30 #include <stdlib.h>
  31 #include <string.h>
  32 #include <unistd.h>
  33 #include <sys/select.h>
  34 #include <sys/types.h>
  35 #include <sys/wait.h>
  36 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  37 #include <X11/keysym.h>
  38 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
  39 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
  40 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
  41 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
  42
  43 /* macros */
  44 #define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
  45 #define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
  46 #define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
  47 #define MAXTAGLEN               16
  48 #define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
  49
  50 /* enums */
  51 enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  52 enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  53 enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  54 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  55
  56 /* typedefs */
  57 typedef struct Client Client;
  58 struct Client {
  59         char name[256];
  60         int x, y, w, h;
  61         int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
  62         int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
  63         long flags;
  64         unsigned int border, oldborder;
  65         Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
  66         Bool *tags;
  67         Client *next;
  68         Client *prev;
  69         Client *snext;
  70         Window win;
  71 };
  72
  73 typedef struct {
  74         int x, y, w, h;
  75         unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  76         unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  77         Drawable drawable;
  78         GC gc;
  79         struct {
  80                 int ascent;
  81                 int descent;
  82                 int height;
  83                 XFontSet set;
  84                 XFontStruct *xfont;
  85         } font;
  86 } DC; /* draw context */
  87
  88 typedef struct {
  89         unsigned long mod;
  90         KeySym keysym;
  91         void (*func)(const char *arg);
  92         const char *arg;
  93 } Key;
  94
  95 typedef struct {
  96         const char *symbol;
  97         void (*arrange)(void);
  98         Bool isfloating;
  99 } Layout;
 100
 101 typedef struct {
 102         const char *prop;
 103         const char *tag;
 104         Bool isfloating;
 105 } Rule;
 106
 107 /* function declarations */
 108 void applyrules(Client *c);
 109 void arrange(void);
 110 void attach(Client *c);
 111 void attachstack(Client *c);
 112 void ban(Client *c);
 113 void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 114 void checkotherwm(void);
 115 void cleanup(void);
 116 void configure(Client *c);
 117 void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 118 void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 119 void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 120 void detach(Client *c);
 121 void detachstack(Client *c);
 122 void drawbar(void);
 123 void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 124 void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
 125 void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 126 void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 127 void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 128 void expose(XEvent *e);
 129 void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 130 void focus(Client *c);
 131 void focusin(XEvent *e);
 132 void focusnext(const char *arg);
 133 void focusprev(const char *arg);
 134 Client *getclient(Window w);
 135 unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 136 long getstate(Window w);
 137 Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 138 void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 139 void grabkeys(void);
 140 unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
 141 void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 142 Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 143 Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 144 Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
 145 Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 146 void keypress(XEvent *e);
 147 void killclient(const char *arg);
 148 void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 149 void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 150 void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 151 void monocle(void);
 152 void movemouse(Client *c);
 153 Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 154 void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 155 void quit(const char *arg);
 156 void reapply(const char *arg);
 157 void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 158 void resizemouse(Client *c);
 159 void restack(void);
 160 void run(void);
 161 void scan(void);
 162 void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 163 void setlayout(const char *arg);
 164 void setup(void);
 165 void spawn(const char *arg);
 166 void tag(const char *arg);
 167 unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 168 unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 169 void tileh(void);
 170 void tilehstack(unsigned int n);
 171 unsigned int tilemaster(void);
 172 void tilev(void);
 173 void tilevstack(unsigned int n);
 174 void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 175 void toggletag(const char *arg);
 176 void toggleview(const char *arg);
 177 void unban(Client *c);
 178 void unmanage(Client *c);
 179 void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 180 void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 181 void updatetitle(Client *c);
 182 void updatewmhints(Client *c);
 183 void view(const char *arg);
 184 void viewprevtag(const char *arg);      /* views previous selected tags */
 185 int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 186 int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 187 int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 188 void zoom(const char *arg);
 189
 190 /* variables */
 191 char stext[256], buf[256];
 192 int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
 193 int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 194 unsigned int bh, blw = 0;
 195 unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 196 void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 197         [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 198         [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 199         [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 200         [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 201         [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 202         [Expose] = expose,
 203         [FocusIn] = focusin,
 204         [KeyPress] = keypress,
 205         [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 206         [MapRequest] = maprequest,
 207         [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 208         [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 209 };
 210 Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 211 Bool otherwm, readin;
 212 Bool running = True;
 213 Bool *prevtags;
 214 Bool *seltags;
 215 Client *clients = NULL;
 216 Client *sel = NULL;
 217 Client *stack = NULL;
 218 Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 219 Display *dpy;
 220 DC dc = {0};
 221 Layout *lt = NULL;
 222 Window root, barwin;
 223
 224 /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 225 #include "config.h"
 226 #define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
 227 static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
 228
 229 /* function implementations */
 230
 231 void
 232 applyrules(Client *c) {
 233         unsigned int i;
 234         Bool matched = False;
 235         Rule *r;
 236         XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 237
 238         /* rule matching */
 239         XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 240         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
 241                 r = &rules[i];
 242                 if(strstr(c->name, r->prop)
 243                 || (ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->prop))
 244                 || (ch.res_name && strstr(ch.res_name, r->prop)))
 245                 {
 246                         c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
 247                         if(r->tag) {
 248                                 c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
 249                                 matched = True;
 250                         }
 251                 }
 252         }
 253         if(ch.res_class)
 254                 XFree(ch.res_class);
 255         if(ch.res_name)
 256                 XFree(ch.res_name);
 257         if(!matched)
 258                 memcpy(c->tags, seltags, TAGSZ);
 259 }
 260
 261 void
 262 arrange(void) {
 263         Client *c;
 264
 265         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 266                 if(isvisible(c))
 267                         unban(c);
 268                 else
 269                         ban(c);
 270
 271         focus(NULL);
 272         lt->arrange();
 273         restack();
 274 }
 275
 276 void
 277 attach(Client *c) {
 278         if(clients)
 279                 clients->prev = c;
 280         c->next = clients;
 281         clients = c;
 282 }
 283
 284 void
 285 attachstack(Client *c) {
 286         c->snext = stack;
 287         stack = c;
 288 }
 289
 290 void
 291 ban(Client *c) {
 292         if(c->isbanned)
 293                 return;
 294         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 295         c->isbanned = True;
 296 }
 297
 298 void
 299 buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 300         unsigned int i, x;
 301         Client *c;
 302         XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 303
 304         if(ev->window == barwin) {
 305                 x = 0;
 306                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 307                         x += textw(tags[i]);
 308                         if(ev->x < x) {
 309                                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 310                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 311                                                 tag(tags[i]);
 312                                         else
 313                                                 view(tags[i]);
 314                                 }
 315                                 else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 316                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 317                                                 toggletag(tags[i]);
 318                                         else
 319                                                 toggleview(tags[i]);
 320                                 }
 321                                 return;
 322                         }
 323                 }
 324         }
 325         else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 326                 focus(c);
 327                 if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 328                         return;
 329                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 330                         restack();
 331                         movemouse(c);
 332                 }
 333                 else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 334                         if((floating != lt->arrange) && c->isfloating)
 335                                 togglefloating(NULL);
 336                         else
 337                                 zoom(NULL);
 338                 }
 339                 else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 340                         restack();
 341                         resizemouse(c);
 342                 }
 343         }
 344 }
 345
 346 void
 347 checkotherwm(void) {
 348         otherwm = False;
 349         XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 350
 351         /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 352         XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
 353         XSync(dpy, False);
 354         if(otherwm)
 355                 eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 356         XSync(dpy, False);
 357         XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 358         xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 359         XSync(dpy, False);
 360 }
 361
 362 void
 363 cleanup(void) {
 364         close(STDIN_FILENO);
 365         while(stack) {
 366                 unban(stack);
 367                 unmanage(stack);
 368         }
 369         if(dc.font.set)
 370                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 371         else
 372                 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 373         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 374         XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 375         XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 376         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 377         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 378         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 379         XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 380         XSync(dpy, False);
 381         XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 382 }
 383
 384 void
 385 configure(Client *c) {
 386         XConfigureEvent ce;
 387
 388         ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 389         ce.display = dpy;
 390         ce.event = c->win;
 391         ce.window = c->win;
 392         ce.x = c->x;
 393         ce.y = c->y;
 394         ce.width = c->w;
 395         ce.height = c->h;
 396         ce.border_width = c->border;
 397         ce.above = None;
 398         ce.override_redirect = False;
 399         XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 400 }
 401
 402 void
 403 configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 404         XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 405
 406         if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 407                 sw = ev->width;
 408                 sh = ev->height;
 409                 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 410                 dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, BW, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 411                 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, BX, BY, BW, bh);
 412                 arrange();
 413         }
 414 }
 415
 416 void
 417 configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 418         Client *c;
 419         XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 420         XWindowChanges wc;
 421
 422         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 423                 if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 424                         c->border = ev->border_width;
 425                 if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || lt->isfloating) {
 426                         if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 427                                 c->x = sx + ev->x;
 428                         if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 429                                 c->y = sy + ev->y;
 430                         if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 431                                 c->w = ev->width;
 432                         if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 433                                 c->h = ev->height;
 434                         if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 435                                 c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
 436                         if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 437                                 c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
 438                         if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
 439                         && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
 440                                 configure(c);
 441                         if(isvisible(c))
 442                                 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 443                 }
 444                 else
 445                         configure(c);
 446         }
 447         else {
 448                 wc.x = ev->x;
 449                 wc.y = ev->y;
 450                 wc.width = ev->width;
 451                 wc.height = ev->height;
 452                 wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 453                 wc.sibling = ev->above;
 454                 wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 455                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 456         }
 457         XSync(dpy, False);
 458 }
 459
 460 void
 461 destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 462         Client *c;
 463         XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 464
 465         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 466                 unmanage(c);
 467 }
 468
 469 void
 470 detach(Client *c) {
 471         if(c->prev)
 472                 c->prev->next = c->next;
 473         if(c->next)
 474                 c->next->prev = c->prev;
 475         if(c == clients)
 476                 clients = c->next;
 477         c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 478 }
 479
 480 void
 481 detachstack(Client *c) {
 482         Client **tc;
 483
 484         for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 485         *tc = c->snext;
 486 }
 487
 488 void
 489 drawbar(void) {
 490         int i, x;
 491         Client *c;
 492
 493         dc.x = 0;
 494         for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 495         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
 496                 dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 497                 if(seltags[i]) {
 498                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
 499                         drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
 500                 }
 501                 else {
 502                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
 503                         drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
 504                 }
 505                 dc.x += dc.w;
 506         }
 507         dc.w = blw;
 508         drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
 509         x = dc.x + dc.w;
 510         dc.w = textw(stext);
 511         dc.x = BW - dc.w;
 512         if(dc.x < x) {
 513                 dc.x = x;
 514                 dc.w = BW - x;
 515         }
 516         drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
 517         if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 518                 dc.x = x;
 519                 if(c) {
 520                         drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
 521                         drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
 522                 }
 523                 else
 524                         drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
 525         }
 526         XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, BW, bh, 0, 0);
 527         XSync(dpy, False);
 528 }
 529
 530 void
 531 drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 532         int x;
 533         XGCValues gcv;
 534         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 535
 536         gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
 537         XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 538         x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 539         r.x = dc.x + 1;
 540         r.y = dc.y + 1;
 541         if(filled) {
 542                 r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 543                 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 544         }
 545         else if(empty) {
 546                 r.width = r.height = x;
 547                 XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 548         }
 549 }
 550
 551 void
 552 drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
 553         int x, y, w, h;
 554         unsigned int len, olen;
 555         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 556
 557         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
 558         XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 559         if(!text)
 560                 return;
 561         w = 0;
 562         olen = len = strlen(text);
 563         if(len >= sizeof buf)
 564                 len = sizeof buf - 1;
 565         memcpy(buf, text, len);
 566         buf[len] = 0;
 567         h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 568         y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 569         x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 570         /* shorten text if necessary */
 571         while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 572                 buf[--len] = 0;
 573         if(len < olen) {
 574                 if(len > 1)
 575                         buf[len - 1] = '.';
 576                 if(len > 2)
 577                         buf[len - 2] = '.';
 578                 if(len > 3)
 579                         buf[len - 3] = '.';
 580         }
 581         if(w > dc.w)
 582                 return; /* too long */
 583         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
 584         if(dc.font.set)
 585                 XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 586         else
 587                 XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 588 }
 589
 590 void *
 591 emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 592         void *res = calloc(1, size);
 593
 594         if(!res)
 595                 eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 596         return res;
 597 }
 598
 599 void
 600 enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 601         Client *c;
 602         XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 603
 604         if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
 605                 return;
 606         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 607                 focus(c);
 608         else
 609                 focus(NULL);
 610 }
 611
 612 void
 613 eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 614         va_list ap;
 615
 616         va_start(ap, errstr);
 617         vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 618         va_end(ap);
 619         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 620 }
 621
 622 void
 623 expose(XEvent *e) {
 624         XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 625
 626         if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
 627                 drawbar();
 628 }
 629
 630 void
 631 floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 632         Client *c;
 633
 634         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 635                 if(isvisible(c))
 636                         resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 637 }
 638
 639 void
 640 focus(Client *c) {
 641         if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 642                 for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 643         if(sel && sel != c) {
 644                 grabbuttons(sel, False);
 645                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 646         }
 647         if(c) {
 648                 detachstack(c);
 649                 attachstack(c);
 650                 grabbuttons(c, True);
 651         }
 652         sel = c;
 653         if(c) {
 654                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 655                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 656         }
 657         else
 658                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 659         drawbar();
 660 }
 661
 662 void
 663 focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
 664         XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
 665
 666         if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
 667                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 668 }
 669
 670 void
 671 focusnext(const char *arg) {
 672         Client *c;
 673
 674         if(!sel)
 675                 return;
 676         for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 677         if(!c)
 678                 for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 679         if(c) {
 680                 focus(c);
 681                 restack();
 682         }
 683 }
 684
 685 void
 686 focusprev(const char *arg) {
 687         Client *c;
 688
 689         if(!sel)
 690                 return;
 691         for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 692         if(!c) {
 693                 for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 694                 for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 695         }
 696         if(c) {
 697                 focus(c);
 698                 restack();
 699         }
 700 }
 701
 702 Client *
 703 getclient(Window w) {
 704         Client *c;
 705
 706         for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 707         return c;
 708 }
 709
 710 unsigned long
 711 getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 712         Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 713         XColor color;
 714
 715         if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 716                 eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 717         return color.pixel;
 718 }
 719
 720 long
 721 getstate(Window w) {
 722         int format, status;
 723         long result = -1;
 724         unsigned char *p = NULL;
 725         unsigned long n, extra;
 726         Atom real;
 727
 728         status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 729                         &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 730         if(status != Success)
 731                 return -1;
 732         if(n != 0)
 733                 result = *p;
 734         XFree(p);
 735         return result;
 736 }
 737
 738 Bool
 739 gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 740         char **list = NULL;
 741         int n;
 742         XTextProperty name;
 743
 744         if(!text || size == 0)
 745                 return False;
 746         text[0] = '\0';
 747         XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 748         if(!name.nitems)
 749                 return False;
 750         if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 751                 strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 752         else {
 753                 if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 754                 && n > 0 && *list) {
 755                         strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 756                         XFreeStringList(list);
 757                 }
 758         }
 759         text[size - 1] = '\0';
 760         XFree(name.value);
 761         return True;
 762 }
 763
 764 void
 765 grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 766         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 767
 768         if(focused) {
 769                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 770                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 771                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 772                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 773                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 774                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 775                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 776                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 777
 778                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 779                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 780                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 781                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 782                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 783                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 784                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 785                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 786
 787                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 788                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 789                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 790                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 791                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 792                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 793                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 794                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 795         }
 796         else
 797                 XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 798                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 799 }
 800
 801 void
 802 grabkeys(void)  {
 803         unsigned int i, j;
 804         KeyCode code;
 805         XModifierKeymap *modmap;
 806
 807         /* init modifier map */
 808         modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
 809         for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 810                 for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
 811                         if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
 812                                 numlockmask = (1 << i);
 813                 }
 814         XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
 815
 816         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 817         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
 818                 code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 819                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 820                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 821                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
 822                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 823                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
 824                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 825                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
 826                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 827         }
 828 }
 829
 830 unsigned int
 831 idxoftag(const char *t) {
 832         unsigned int i;
 833
 834         for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && (tags[i] != t); i++);
 835         return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
 836 }
 837
 838 void
 839 initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 840         char *def, **missing;
 841         int i, n;
 842
 843         missing = NULL;
 844         if(dc.font.set)
 845                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 846         dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 847         if(missing) {
 848                 while(n--)
 849                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 850                 XFreeStringList(missing);
 851         }
 852         if(dc.font.set) {
 853                 XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 854                 XFontStruct **xfonts;
 855                 char **font_names;
 856                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 857                 font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 858                 n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 859                 for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 860                         if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 861                                 dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 862                         if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 863                                 dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 864                         xfonts++;
 865                 }
 866         }
 867         else {
 868                 if(dc.font.xfont)
 869                         XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 870                 dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 871                 if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 872                 && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 873                         eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 874                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 875                 dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 876         }
 877         dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 878 }
 879
 880 Bool
 881 isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 882         Client *c;
 883
 884         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 885                 if(c->tags[t])
 886                         return True;
 887         return False;
 888 }
 889
 890 Bool
 891 isprotodel(Client *c) {
 892         int i, n;
 893         Atom *protocols;
 894         Bool ret = False;
 895
 896         if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 897                 for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 898                         if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 899                                 ret = True;
 900                 XFree(protocols);
 901         }
 902         return ret;
 903 }
 904
 905 Bool
 906 isurgent(unsigned int t) {
 907         Client *c;
 908
 909         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 910                 if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
 911                         return True;
 912         return False;
 913 }
 914
 915 Bool
 916 isvisible(Client *c) {
 917         unsigned int i;
 918
 919         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
 920                 if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 921                         return True;
 922         return False;
 923 }
 924
 925 void
 926 keypress(XEvent *e) {
 927         unsigned int i;
 928         KeySym keysym;
 929         XKeyEvent *ev;
 930
 931         ev = &e->xkey;
 932         keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 933         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
 934                 if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 935                 && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 936                 {
 937                         if(keys[i].func)
 938                                 keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 939                 }
 940 }
 941
 942 void
 943 killclient(const char *arg) {
 944         XEvent ev;
 945
 946         if(!sel)
 947                 return;
 948         if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 949                 ev.type = ClientMessage;
 950                 ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 951                 ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 952                 ev.xclient.format = 32;
 953                 ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 954                 ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 955                 XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 956         }
 957         else
 958                 XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 959 }
 960
 961 void
 962 manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 963         Client *c, *t = NULL;
 964         Status rettrans;
 965         Window trans;
 966         XWindowChanges wc;
 967
 968         c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 969         c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
 970         c->win = w;
 971
 972         /* geometry */
 973         c->x = wa->x;
 974         c->y = wa->y;
 975         c->w = wa->width;
 976         c->h = wa->height;
 977         c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
 978         if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
 979                 c->x = sx;
 980                 c->y = sy;
 981                 c->border = wa->border_width;
 982         }
 983         else {
 984                 if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > WX + WW)
 985                         c->x = WX + WW - c->w - 2 * c->border;
 986                 if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > WY + WH)
 987                         c->y = WY + WH - c->h - 2 * c->border;
 988                 if(c->x < WX)
 989                         c->x = WX;
 990                 if(c->y < WY)
 991                         c->y = WY;
 992                 c->border = BORDERPX;
 993         }
 994
 995         wc.border_width = c->border;
 996         XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
 997         XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 998         configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
 999         updatesizehints(c);
1000         XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1001         grabbuttons(c, False);
1002         updatetitle(c);
1003         if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1004                 for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1005         if(t)
1006                 memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1007         else
1008                 applyrules(c);
1009         if(!c->isfloating)
1010                 c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1011         attach(c);
1012         attachstack(c);
1013         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1014         ban(c);
1015         XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1016         setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1017         arrange();
1018 }
1019
1020 void
1021 mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1022         XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1023
1024         XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1025         if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1026                 grabkeys();
1027 }
1028
1029 void
1030 maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1031         static XWindowAttributes wa;
1032         XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1033
1034         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1035                 return;
1036         if(wa.override_redirect)
1037                 return;
1038         if(!getclient(ev->window))
1039                 manage(ev->window, &wa);
1040 }
1041
1042 void
1043 monocle(void) {
1044         Client *c;
1045
1046         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1047                 if(isvisible(c))
1048                         resize(c, MOX, MOY, MOW, MOH, RESIZEHINTS);
1049 }
1050
1051 void
1052 movemouse(Client *c) {
1053         int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1054         unsigned int dui;
1055         Window dummy;
1056         XEvent ev;
1057
1058         ocx = nx = c->x;
1059         ocy = ny = c->y;
1060         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1061                         None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1062                 return;
1063         XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1064         for(;;) {
1065                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1066                 switch (ev.type) {
1067                 case ButtonRelease:
1068                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1069                         return;
1070                 case ConfigureRequest:
1071                 case Expose:
1072                 case MapRequest:
1073                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1074                         break;
1075                 case MotionNotify:
1076                         XSync(dpy, False);
1077                         nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1078                         ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1079                         if(abs(WX - nx) < SNAP)
1080                                 nx = WX;
1081                         else if(abs((WX + WW) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1082                                 nx = WX + WW - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1083                         if(abs(WY - ny) < SNAP)
1084                                 ny = WY;
1085                         else if(abs((WY + WH) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1086                                 ny = WY + WH - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1087                         if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1088                                 togglefloating(NULL);
1089                         if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1090                                 resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1091                         break;
1092                 }
1093         }
1094 }
1095
1096 Client *
1097 nexttiled(Client *c) {
1098         for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1099         return c;
1100 }
1101
1102 void
1103 propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1104         Client *c;
1105         Window trans;
1106         XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1107
1108         if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1109                 return; /* ignore */
1110         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1111                 switch (ev->atom) {
1112                 default: break;
1113                 case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1114                         XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1115                         if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1116                                 arrange();
1117                         break;
1118                 case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1119                         updatesizehints(c);
1120                         break;
1121                 case XA_WM_HINTS:
1122                         updatewmhints(c);
1123                         drawbar();
1124                         break;
1125                 }
1126                 if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1127                         updatetitle(c);
1128                         if(c == sel)
1129                                 drawbar();
1130                 }
1131         }
1132 }
1133
1134 void
1135 quit(const char *arg) {
1136         readin = running = False;
1137 }
1138
1139 void
1140 reapply(const char *arg) {
1141         static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 };
1142         Client *c;
1143
1144         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1145                 memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags);
1146                 applyrules(c);
1147         }
1148         arrange();
1149 }
1150
1151 void
1152 resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1153         XWindowChanges wc;
1154
1155         if(sizehints) {
1156                 /* set minimum possible */
1157                 if (w < 1)
1158                         w = 1;
1159                 if (h < 1)
1160                         h = 1;
1161
1162                 /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1163                 w -= c->basew;
1164                 h -= c->baseh;
1165
1166                 /* adjust for aspect limits */
1167                 if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1168                         if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1169                                 w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1170                         else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1171                                 h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1172                 }
1173
1174                 /* adjust for increment value */
1175                 if(c->incw)
1176                         w -= w % c->incw;
1177                 if(c->inch)
1178                         h -= h % c->inch;
1179
1180                 /* restore base dimensions */
1181                 w += c->basew;
1182                 h += c->baseh;
1183
1184                 if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1185                         w = c->minw;
1186                 if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1187                         h = c->minh;
1188                 if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1189                         w = c->maxw;
1190                 if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1191                         h = c->maxh;
1192         }
1193         if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1194                 return;
1195         if(x > sx + sw)
1196                 x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1197         if(y > sy + sh)
1198                 y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1199         if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1200                 x = sx;
1201         if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1202                 y = sy;
1203         if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1204                 c->x = wc.x = x;
1205                 c->y = wc.y = y;
1206                 c->w = wc.width = w;
1207                 c->h = wc.height = h;
1208                 wc.border_width = c->border;
1209                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1210                                 CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1211                 configure(c);
1212                 XSync(dpy, False);
1213         }
1214 }
1215
1216 void
1217 resizemouse(Client *c) {
1218         int ocx, ocy;
1219         int nw, nh;
1220         XEvent ev;
1221
1222         ocx = c->x;
1223         ocy = c->y;
1224         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1225                         None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1226                 return;
1227         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1228         for(;;) {
1229                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1230                 switch(ev.type) {
1231                 case ButtonRelease:
1232                         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1233                                         c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1234                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1235                         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1236                         return;
1237                 case ConfigureRequest:
1238                 case Expose:
1239                 case MapRequest:
1240                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1241                         break;
1242                 case MotionNotify:
1243                         XSync(dpy, False);
1244                         if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1245                                 nw = 1;
1246                         if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1247                                 nh = 1;
1248                         if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1249                                 togglefloating(NULL);
1250                         if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1251                                 resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1252                         break;
1253                 }
1254         }
1255 }
1256
1257 void
1258 restack(void) {
1259         Client *c;
1260         XEvent ev;
1261         XWindowChanges wc;
1262
1263         drawbar();
1264         if(!sel)
1265                 return;
1266         if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating)
1267                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1268         if(!lt->isfloating) {
1269                 wc.stack_mode = Below;
1270                 wc.sibling = barwin;
1271                 if(!sel->isfloating) {
1272                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1273                         wc.sibling = sel->win;
1274                 }
1275                 for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1276                         if(c == sel)
1277                                 continue;
1278                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1279                         wc.sibling = c->win;
1280                 }
1281         }
1282         XSync(dpy, False);
1283         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1284 }
1285
1286 void
1287 run(void) {
1288         char *p;
1289         char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1290         fd_set rd;
1291         int r, xfd;
1292         unsigned int len, offset;
1293         XEvent ev;
1294
1295         /* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1296         XSync(dpy, False);
1297         xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1298         readin = True;
1299         offset = 0;
1300         len = sizeof stext - 1;
1301         sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1302         while(running) {
1303                 FD_ZERO(&rd);
1304                 if(readin)
1305                         FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1306                 FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1307                 if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1308                         if(errno == EINTR)
1309                                 continue;
1310                         eprint("select failed\n");
1311                 }
1312                 if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1313                         switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1314                         case -1:
1315                                 strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1316                                 readin = False;
1317                                 break;
1318                         case 0:
1319                                 strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1320                                 readin = False;
1321                                 break;
1322                         default:
1323                                 for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1324                                         if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1325                                                 *p = '\0';
1326                                                 strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1327                                                 p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1328                                                 for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1329                                                 offset = r;
1330                                                 if(r)
1331                                                         memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1332                                                 break;
1333                                         }
1334                                 break;
1335                         }
1336                         drawbar();
1337                 }
1338                 while(XPending(dpy)) {
1339                         XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1340                         if(handler[ev.type])
1341                                 (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1342                 }
1343         }
1344 }
1345
1346 void
1347 scan(void) {
1348         unsigned int i, num;
1349         Window *wins, d1, d2;
1350         XWindowAttributes wa;
1351
1352         wins = NULL;
1353         if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1354                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1355                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1356                                         || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1357                                 continue;
1358                         if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1359                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1360                 }
1361                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1362                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1363                                 continue;
1364                         if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1365                                         && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1366                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1367                 }
1368         }
1369         if(wins)
1370                 XFree(wins);
1371 }
1372
1373 void
1374 setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1375         long data[] = {state, None};
1376
1377         XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1378                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1379 }
1380
1381 void
1382 setlayout(const char *arg) {
1383         static Layout *revert = 0;
1384         unsigned int i;
1385
1386         if(!arg)
1387                 return;
1388         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1389                 if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1390                         break;
1391         if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1392                 return;
1393         if(revert && &layouts[i] == lt)
1394                 lt = revert;
1395         else {
1396                 revert = lt;
1397                 lt = &layouts[i];
1398         }
1399         if(sel)
1400                 arrange();
1401         else
1402                 drawbar();
1403 }
1404
1405 void
1406 setup(void) {
1407         unsigned int i;
1408         XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1409
1410         /* init screen */
1411         screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1412         root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1413         sx = 0;
1414         sy = 0;
1415         sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1416         sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1417
1418         /* init atoms */
1419         wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1420         wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1421         wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1422         wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1423         netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1424         netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1425
1426         /* init cursors */
1427         wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1428         cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1429         cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1430
1431         /* init appearance */
1432         dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1433         dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1434         dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1435         dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1436         dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1437         dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1438         initfont(FONT);
1439         dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1440         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1441         dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1442         XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1443         if(!dc.font.set)
1444                 XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1445
1446         /* init tags */
1447         seltags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1448         prevtags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1449         seltags[0] = prevtags[0] = True;
1450
1451         /* init layouts */
1452         lt = &layouts[0];
1453
1454         /* init bar */
1455         for(blw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1456                 i = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1457                 if(i > blw)
1458                         blw = i;
1459         }
1460
1461         wa.override_redirect = 1;
1462         wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1463         wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1464
1465         barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, BX, BY, BW, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1466                                 CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1467                                 CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1468         XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1469         XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1470         strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1471         drawbar();
1472
1473         /* EWMH support per view */
1474         XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1475                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1476
1477         /* select for events */
1478         wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1479                         |EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1480         XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1481         XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1482
1483
1484         /* grab keys */
1485         grabkeys();
1486 }
1487
1488 void
1489 spawn(const char *arg) {
1490         static char *shell = NULL;
1491
1492         if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1493                 shell = "/bin/sh";
1494         if(!arg)
1495                 return;
1496         /* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1497          * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1498         if(fork() == 0) {
1499                 if(fork() == 0) {
1500                         if(dpy)
1501                                 close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1502                         setsid();
1503                         execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1504                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1505                         perror(" failed");
1506                 }
1507                 exit(0);
1508         }
1509         wait(0);
1510 }
1511
1512 void
1513 tag(const char *arg) {
1514         unsigned int i;
1515
1516         if(!sel)
1517                 return;
1518         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1519                 sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1520         sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1521         arrange();
1522 }
1523
1524 unsigned int
1525 textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1526         XRectangle r;
1527
1528         if(dc.font.set) {
1529                 XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1530                 return r.width;
1531         }
1532         return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1533 }
1534
1535 unsigned int
1536 textw(const char *text) {
1537         return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1538 }
1539
1540 void
1541 tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1542         resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS);
1543         if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1544                 /* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1545                 resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1546 }
1547
1548 void
1549 tileh(void) {
1550         tilehstack(tilemaster());
1551 }
1552
1553 void
1554 tilehstack(unsigned int n) {
1555         int i, x, w;
1556         Client *c;
1557
1558         if(n == 0)
1559                 return;
1560
1561         x = TX;
1562         w = (TW) / n;
1563         if(w < bh)
1564                 w = TW;
1565
1566         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++)
1567                 if(i > 0) {
1568                         if(i > 1 && i == n) /* remainder */
1569                                 tileresize(c, x, TY, ((TX) + (TW)) - x - 2 * c->border,
1570                                               TH - 2 * c->border);
1571                         else
1572                                 tileresize(c, x, TY, w - 2 * c->border,
1573                                               TH - 2 * c->border);
1574                         if(w != TW)
1575                                 x = c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border;
1576                 }
1577 }
1578
1579 unsigned int
1580 tilemaster(void) {
1581         unsigned int n;
1582         Client *c, *mc;
1583
1584         for(n = 0, mc = c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1585                 n++;
1586         if(n == 0)
1587                 return 0;
1588         if(n == 1)
1589                 tileresize(mc, MOX, MOY, (MOW) - 2 * mc->border, (MOH) - 2 * mc->border);
1590         else
1591                 tileresize(mc, MX, MY, (MW) - 2 * mc->border, (MH) - 2 * mc->border);
1592         return n - 1;
1593 }
1594
1595 void
1596 tilev(void) {
1597         tilevstack(tilemaster());
1598 }
1599
1600 void
1601 tilevstack(unsigned int n) {
1602         int i, y, h;
1603         Client *c;
1604
1605         if(n == 0)
1606                 return;
1607
1608         y = TY;
1609         h = (TH) / n;
1610         if(h < bh)
1611                 h = TH;
1612
1613         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++)
1614                 if(i > 0) {
1615                         if(i > 1 && i == n) /* remainder */
1616                                 tileresize(c, TX, y, (TW) - 2 * c->border,
1617                                               ((TY) + (TH)) - y - 2 * c->border);
1618                         else
1619                                 tileresize(c, TX, y, (TW) - 2 * c->border,
1620                                               h - 2 * c->border);
1621                         if(h != TH)
1622                                 y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1623                 }
1624 }
1625
1626 void
1627 togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1628         if(!sel)
1629                 return;
1630         sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1631         if(sel->isfloating)
1632                 resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1633         arrange();
1634 }
1635
1636 void
1637 toggletag(const char *arg) {
1638         unsigned int i, j;
1639
1640         if(!sel)
1641                 return;
1642         i = idxoftag(arg);
1643         sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1644         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1645         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1646                 sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1647         arrange();
1648 }
1649
1650 void
1651 toggleview(const char *arg) {
1652         unsigned int i, j;
1653
1654         i = idxoftag(arg);
1655         seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1656         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1657         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1658                 seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1659         arrange();
1660 }
1661
1662 void
1663 unban(Client *c) {
1664         if(!c->isbanned)
1665                 return;
1666         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1667         c->isbanned = False;
1668 }
1669
1670 void
1671 unmanage(Client *c) {
1672         XWindowChanges wc;
1673
1674         wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1675         /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1676         XGrabServer(dpy);
1677         XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1678         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1679         detach(c);
1680         detachstack(c);
1681         if(sel == c)
1682                 focus(NULL);
1683         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1684         setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1685         free(c->tags);
1686         free(c);
1687         XSync(dpy, False);
1688         XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1689         XUngrabServer(dpy);
1690         arrange();
1691 }
1692
1693 void
1694 unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1695         Client *c;
1696         XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1697
1698         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1699                 unmanage(c);
1700 }
1701
1702 void
1703 updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1704         long msize;
1705         XSizeHints size;
1706
1707         if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1708                 size.flags = PSize;
1709         c->flags = size.flags;
1710         if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1711                 c->basew = size.base_width;
1712                 c->baseh = size.base_height;
1713         }
1714         else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1715                 c->basew = size.min_width;
1716                 c->baseh = size.min_height;
1717         }
1718         else
1719                 c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1720         if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1721                 c->incw = size.width_inc;
1722                 c->inch = size.height_inc;
1723         }
1724         else
1725                 c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1726         if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1727                 c->maxw = size.max_width;
1728                 c->maxh = size.max_height;
1729         }
1730         else
1731                 c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1732         if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1733                 c->minw = size.min_width;
1734                 c->minh = size.min_height;
1735         }
1736         else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1737                 c->minw = size.base_width;
1738                 c->minh = size.base_height;
1739         }
1740         else
1741                 c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1742         if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1743                 c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1744                 c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1745                 c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1746                 c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1747         }
1748         else
1749                 c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1750         c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1751                         && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1752 }
1753
1754 void
1755 updatetitle(Client *c) {
1756         if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1757                 gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1758 }
1759
1760 void
1761 updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1762         XWMHints *wmh;
1763
1764         if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1765                 if(c == sel)
1766                         sel->isurgent = False;
1767                 else
1768                         c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1769                 XFree(wmh);
1770         }
1771 }
1772
1773
1774 void
1775 view(const char *arg) {
1776         unsigned int i;
1777
1778         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1779                 tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1780         tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1781
1782         if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) {
1783                 memcpy(prevtags, seltags, TAGSZ);
1784                 memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1785                 arrange();
1786         }
1787 }
1788
1789 void
1790 viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1791
1792         memcpy(tmp, seltags, TAGSZ);
1793         memcpy(seltags, prevtags, TAGSZ);
1794         memcpy(prevtags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1795         arrange();
1796 }
1797
1798 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1799  * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1800  * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1801 int
1802 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1803         if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1804         || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1805         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1806         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1807         || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1808         || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1809         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1810         || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1811                 return 0;
1812         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1813                 ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1814         return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1815 }
1816
1817 int
1818 xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1819         return 0;
1820 }
1821
1822 /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1823  * is already running. */
1824 int
1825 xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1826         otherwm = True;
1827         return -1;
1828 }
1829
1830 void
1831 zoom(const char *arg) {
1832         Client *c = sel;
1833
1834         if(!sel || lt->isfloating || sel->isfloating)
1835                 return;
1836         if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1837                 if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1838                         return;
1839         detach(c);
1840         attach(c);
1841         focus(c);
1842         arrange();
1843 }
1844
1845 int
1846 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1847         if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1848                 eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1849         else if(argc != 1)
1850                 eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1851
1852         setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1853         if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1854                 eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1855
1856         checkotherwm();
1857         setup();
1858         scan();
1859         run();
1860         cleanup();
1861
1862         XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1863         return 0;
1864 }