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Implement Xdbe-based double-buffering
[st.git] / st.c
diff --git a/st.c b/st.c
index e7e292f..0e82eaf 100644 (file)
--- a/st.c
+++ b/st.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <locale.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/select.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <X11/Xlib.h>
 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
-#include <X11/keysym.h>
+#include <X11/Xlib.h>
 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
+#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
+#include <X11/keysym.h>
+#include <X11/extensions/Xdbe.h>
 
 #if   defined(__linux)
  #include <pty.h>
-#elif defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
+#elif defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__APPLE__)
  #include <util.h>
 #elif defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
  #include <libutil.h>
 #endif
 
 #define USAGE \
-       "st-" VERSION ", (c) 2010 st engineers\n" \
-       "usage: st [-t title] [-c class] [-e cmd] [-v]\n"
+       "st " VERSION " (c) 2010-2012 st engineers\n" \
+       "usage: st [-t title] [-c class] [-w windowid] [-v] [-e command...]\n"
+
+/* XEMBED messages */
+#define XEMBED_FOCUS_IN  4
+#define XEMBED_FOCUS_OUT 5
 
 /* Arbitrary sizes */
 #define ESC_TITLE_SIZ 256
 #define ESC_ARG_SIZ   16
 #define DRAW_BUF_SIZ  1024
 #define UTF_SIZ       4
+#define XK_NO_MOD     UINT_MAX
+#define XK_ANY_MOD    0
+
+#define SELECT_TIMEOUT (20*1000) /* 20 ms */
+#define DRAW_TIMEOUT  (20*1000) /* 20 ms */
 
 #define SERRNO strerror(errno)
 #define MIN(a, b)  ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
 #define MAX(a, b)  ((a) < (b) ? (b) : (a))
 #define LEN(a)     (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]))
-#define DEFAULT(a, b)     (a) = (a) ? (a) : (b)    
+#define DEFAULT(a, b)     (a) = (a) ? (a) : (b)
 #define BETWEEN(x, a, b)  ((a) <= (x) && (x) <= (b))
 #define LIMIT(x, a, b)    (x) = (x) < (a) ? (a) : (x) > (b) ? (b) : (x)
 #define ATTRCMP(a, b) ((a).mode != (b).mode || (a).fg != (b).fg || (a).bg != (b).bg)
 #define IS_SET(flag) (term.mode & (flag))
+#define TIMEDIFF(t1, t2) ((t1.tv_sec-t2.tv_sec)*1000 + (t1.tv_usec-t2.tv_usec)/1000)
+#define X2COL(x) (((x) - BORDER)/xw.cw)
+#define Y2ROW(y) (((y) - BORDER)/xw.ch)
+
+enum glyph_attribute {
+       ATTR_NULL      = 0,
+       ATTR_REVERSE   = 1,
+       ATTR_UNDERLINE = 2,
+       ATTR_BOLD      = 4,
+       ATTR_GFX       = 8,
+};
+
+enum cursor_movement {
+       CURSOR_UP,
+       CURSOR_DOWN,
+       CURSOR_LEFT,
+       CURSOR_RIGHT,
+       CURSOR_SAVE,
+       CURSOR_LOAD
+};
+
+enum cursor_state {
+       CURSOR_DEFAULT  = 0,
+       CURSOR_HIDE     = 1,
+       CURSOR_WRAPNEXT = 2
+};
 
-/* Attribute, Cursor, Character state, Terminal mode, Screen draw mode */
-enum { ATTR_NULL=0 , ATTR_REVERSE=1 , ATTR_UNDERLINE=2, ATTR_BOLD=4, ATTR_GFX=8 };
-enum { CURSOR_UP, CURSOR_DOWN, CURSOR_LEFT, CURSOR_RIGHT,
-       CURSOR_SAVE, CURSOR_LOAD };
-enum { CURSOR_DEFAULT = 0, CURSOR_HIDE = 1, CURSOR_WRAPNEXT = 2 };
-enum { GLYPH_SET=1, GLYPH_DIRTY=2 };
-enum { MODE_WRAP=1, MODE_INSERT=2, MODE_APPKEYPAD=4, MODE_ALTSCREEN=8, 
-       MODE_CRLF=16 };
-enum { ESC_START=1, ESC_CSI=2, ESC_OSC=4, ESC_TITLE=8, ESC_ALTCHARSET=16 };
-enum { SCREEN_UPDATE, SCREEN_REDRAW };
-enum { WIN_VISIBLE=1, WIN_REDRAW=2, WIN_FOCUSED=4 };
+enum glyph_state {
+       GLYPH_SET   = 1,
+       GLYPH_DIRTY = 2
+};
+
+enum term_mode {
+       MODE_WRAP        = 1,
+       MODE_INSERT      = 2,
+       MODE_APPKEYPAD   = 4,
+       MODE_ALTSCREEN   = 8,
+       MODE_CRLF        = 16,
+       MODE_MOUSEBTN    = 32,
+       MODE_MOUSEMOTION = 64,
+       MODE_MOUSE       = 32|64,
+       MODE_REVERSE     = 128
+};
 
+enum escape_state {
+       ESC_START      = 1,
+       ESC_CSI        = 2,
+       ESC_OSC        = 4,
+       ESC_TITLE      = 8,
+       ESC_ALTCHARSET = 16
+};
+
+enum window_state {
+       WIN_VISIBLE = 1,
+       WIN_REDRAW  = 2,
+       WIN_FOCUSED = 4
+};
+
+/* bit macro */
 #undef B0
 enum { B0=1, B1=2, B2=4, B3=8, B4=16, B5=32, B6=64, B7=128 };
 
+typedef unsigned char uchar;
+typedef unsigned int uint;
+typedef unsigned long ulong;
+typedef unsigned short ushort;
+
 typedef struct {
        char c[UTF_SIZ];     /* character code */
-       char mode;  /* attribute flags */
-       int fg;     /* foreground      */
-       int bg;     /* background      */
-       char state; /* state flags     */
+       uchar mode;  /* attribute flags */
+       ushort fg;   /* foreground  */
+       ushort bg;   /* background  */
+       uchar state; /* state flags    */
 } Glyph;
 
 typedef Glyph* Line;
@@ -86,21 +151,22 @@ typedef struct {
 /* ESC '[' [[ [<priv>] <arg> [;]] <mode>] */
 typedef struct {
        char buf[ESC_BUF_SIZ]; /* raw string */
-       int len;                           /* raw string length */
+       int len;               /* raw string length */
        char priv;
        int arg[ESC_ARG_SIZ];
-       int narg;                          /* nb of args */
+       int narg;              /* nb of args */
        char mode;
 } CSIEscape;
 
 /* Internal representation of the screen */
 typedef struct {
-       int row;        /* nb row */  
+       int row;        /* nb row */
        int col;        /* nb col */
        Line* line;     /* screen */
        Line* alt;      /* alternate screen */
+       bool* dirty; /* dirtyness of lines */
        TCursor c;      /* cursor */
-       int top;        /* top    scroll limit */
+       int top;        /* top    scroll limit */
        int bot;        /* bottom scroll limit */
        int mode;       /* terminal mode flags */
        int esc;        /* escape state flags */
@@ -110,30 +176,48 @@ typedef struct {
 
 /* Purely graphic info */
 typedef struct {
-       Display* dis;
+       Display* dpy;
        Colormap cmap;
        Window win;
-       Pixmap buf;
+       XdbeBackBuffer buf;
+       Atom xembed;
        XIM xim;
        XIC xic;
        int scr;
-       int w;  /* window width  */
+       int w;  /* window width */
        int h;  /* window height */
        int bufw; /* pixmap width  */
        int bufh; /* pixmap height */
        int ch; /* char height */
        int cw; /* char width  */
        char state; /* focus, redraw, visible */
-} XWindow; 
+       struct timeval lastdraw;
+} XWindow;
 
 typedef struct {
        KeySym k;
+       uint mask;
        char s[ESC_BUF_SIZ];
 } Key;
 
+
+/* TODO: use better name for vars... */
+typedef struct {
+       int mode;
+       int bx, by;
+       int ex, ey;
+       struct {int x, y;} b, e;
+       char *clip;
+       Atom xtarget;
+       struct timeval tclick1;
+       struct timeval tclick2;
+} Selection;
+
+#include "config.h"
+
 /* Drawing Context */
 typedef struct {
-       unsigned long col[256];
+       ulong col[LEN(colorname) < 256 ? 256 : LEN(colorname)];
        GC gc;
        struct {
                int ascent;
@@ -144,22 +228,13 @@ typedef struct {
        } font, bfont;
 } DC;
 
-/* TODO: use better name for vars... */
-typedef struct {
-       int mode;
-       int bx, by;
-       int ex, ey;
-       struct {int x, y;}  b, e;
-       char *clip;
-} Selection;
-
-#include "config.h"
-
-static void die(const char *errstr, ...);
-static void draw(int);
+static void die(const char*, ...);
+static void draw(void);
+static void drawregion(int, int, int, int);
 static void execsh(void);
 static void sigchld(int);
 static void run(void);
+static bool last_draw_too_old(void);
 
 static void csidump(void);
 static void csihandle(void);
@@ -185,6 +260,8 @@ static void tsetattr(int*, int);
 static void tsetchar(char*);
 static void tsetscroll(int, int);
 static void tswapscreen(void);
+static void tsetdirt(int, int);
+static void tfulldirt(void);
 
 static void ttynew(void);
 static void ttyread(void);
@@ -194,6 +271,7 @@ static void ttywrite(const char *, size_t);
 static void xdraws(char *, Glyph, int, int, int, int);
 static void xhints(void);
 static void xclear(int, int, int, int);
+static void xcopy();
 static void xdrawcursor(void);
 static void xinit(void);
 static void xloadcols(void);
@@ -204,8 +282,9 @@ static void xresize(int, int);
 static void expose(XEvent *);
 static void visibility(XEvent *);
 static void unmap(XEvent *);
-static char* kmap(KeySym);
+static char* kmap(KeySym, uint);
 static void kpress(XEvent *);
+static void cmessage(XEvent *);
 static void resize(XEvent *);
 static void focus(XEvent *);
 static void brelease(XEvent *);
@@ -215,9 +294,10 @@ static void selnotify(XEvent *);
 static void selrequest(XEvent *);
 
 static void selinit(void);
-static inline int selected(int, int);
+static inline bool selected(int, int);
 static void selcopy(void);
-static void selpaste(void);
+static void selpaste();
+static void selscroll(int, int);
 
 static int utf8decode(char *, long *);
 static int utf8encode(long *, char *);
@@ -226,6 +306,7 @@ static int isfullutf8(char *, int);
 
 static void (*handler[LASTEvent])(XEvent *) = {
        [KeyPress] = kpress,
+       [ClientMessage] = cmessage,
        [ConfigureNotify] = resize,
        [VisibilityNotify] = visibility,
        [UnmapNotify] = unmap,
@@ -247,37 +328,38 @@ static CSIEscape escseq;
 static int cmdfd;
 static pid_t pid;
 static Selection sel;
-static char *opt_cmd   = NULL;
+static char **opt_cmd  = NULL;
 static char *opt_title = NULL;
+static char *opt_embed = NULL;
 static char *opt_class = NULL;
 
 int
 utf8decode(char *s, long *u) {
-       unsigned char c;
+       uchar c;
        int i, n, rtn;
 
        rtn = 1;
        c = *s;
-       if(~c&B7) { /* 0xxxxxxx */
+       if(~c & B7) { /* 0xxxxxxx */
                *u = c;
                return rtn;
-       } else if((c&(B7|B6|B5)) == (B7|B6)) { /* 110xxxxx */
+       } else if((c & (B7|B6|B5)) == (B7|B6)) { /* 110xxxxx */
                *u = c&(B4|B3|B2|B1|B0);
                n = 1;
-       } else if((c&(B7|B6|B5|B4)) == (B7|B6|B5)) { /* 1110xxxx */
+       } else if((c & (B7|B6|B5|B4)) == (B7|B6|B5)) { /* 1110xxxx */
                *u = c&(B3|B2|B1|B0);
                n = 2;
-       } else if((c&(B7|B6|B5|B4|B3)) == (B7|B6|B5|B4)) { /* 11110xxx */
-               *u = c&(B2|B1|B0);
+       } else if((c & (B7|B6|B5|B4|B3)) == (B7|B6|B5|B4)) { /* 11110xxx */
+               *u = c & (B2|B1|B0);
                n = 3;
        } else
                goto invalid;
-       for(i=n,++s; i>0; --i,++rtn,++s) {
+       for(i = n, ++s; i > 0; --i, ++rtn, ++s) {
                c = *s;
-               if((c&(B7|B6)) != B7) /* 10xxxxxx */
+               if((c & (B7|B6)) != B7) /* 10xxxxxx */
                        goto invalid;
                *u <<= 6;
-               *u |= c&(B5|B4|B3|B2|B1|B0);
+               *u |= c & (B5|B4|B3|B2|B1|B0);
        }
        if((n == 1 && *u < 0x80) ||
           (n == 2 && *u < 0x800) ||
@@ -292,11 +374,11 @@ invalid:
 
 int
 utf8encode(long *u, char *s) {
-       unsigned char *sp;
-       unsigned long uc;
+       uchar *sp;
+       ulong uc;
        int i, n;
 
-       sp = (unsigned char*) s;
+       sp = (uchar*) s;
        uc = *u;
        if(uc < 0x80) {
                *sp = uc; /* 0xxxxxxx */
@@ -328,17 +410,17 @@ invalid:
    UTF-8 otherwise return 0 */
 int
 isfullutf8(char *s, int b) {
-       unsigned char *c1, *c2, *c3;
+       uchar *c1, *c2, *c3;
 
-       c1 = (unsigned char *) s;
-       c2 = (unsigned char *) ++s;
-       c3 = (unsigned char *) ++s;
+       c1 = (uchar *) s;
+       c2 = (uchar *) ++s;
+       c3 = (uchar *) ++s;
        if(b < 1)
                return 0;
        else if((*c1&(B7|B6|B5)) == (B7|B6) && b == 1)
                return 0;
        else if((*c1&(B7|B6|B5|B4)) == (B7|B6|B5) &&
-           ((b == 1) || 
+           ((b == 1) ||
            ((b == 2) && (*c2&(B7|B6)) == B7)))
                return 0;
        else if((*c1&(B7|B6|B5|B4|B3)) == (B7|B6|B5|B4) &&
@@ -352,43 +434,48 @@ isfullutf8(char *s, int b) {
 
 int
 utf8size(char *s) {
-       unsigned char c = *s;
+       uchar c = *s;
 
-       if (~c&B7)
+       if(~c&B7)
                return 1;
-       else if ((c&(B7|B6|B5)) == (B7|B6))
+       else if((c&(B7|B6|B5)) == (B7|B6))
                return 2;
-       else if ((c&(B7|B6|B5|B4)) == (B7|B6|B5))
+       else if((c&(B7|B6|B5|B4)) == (B7|B6|B5))
                return 3;
-       else 
+       else
                return 4;
 }
 
 void
 selinit(void) {
+       memset(&sel.tclick1, 0, sizeof(sel.tclick1));
+       memset(&sel.tclick2, 0, sizeof(sel.tclick2));
        sel.mode = 0;
        sel.bx = -1;
        sel.clip = NULL;
+       sel.xtarget = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "UTF8_STRING", 0);
+       if(sel.xtarget == None)
+               sel.xtarget = XA_STRING;
 }
 
-static inline int 
+static inline bool
 selected(int x, int y) {
        if(sel.ey == y && sel.by == y) {
                int bx = MIN(sel.bx, sel.ex);
                int ex = MAX(sel.bx, sel.ex);
                return BETWEEN(x, bx, ex);
        }
-       return ((sel.b.y < y&&y < sel.e.y) || (y==sel.e.y && x<=sel.e.x)) 
+       return ((sel.b.y < y&&y < sel.e.y) || (y==sel.e.y && x<=sel.e.x))
                || (y==sel.b.y && x>=sel.b.x && (x<=sel.e.x || sel.b.y!=sel.e.y));
 }
 
 void
 getbuttoninfo(XEvent *e, int *b, int *x, int *y) {
-       if(b) 
+       if(b)
                *b = e->xbutton.button;
 
-       *x = e->xbutton.x/xw.cw;
-       *y = e->xbutton.y/xw.ch;
+       *x = X2COL(e->xbutton.x);
+       *y = Y2ROW(e->xbutton.y);
        sel.b.x = sel.by < sel.ey ? sel.bx : sel.ex;
        sel.b.y = MIN(sel.by, sel.ey);
        sel.e.x = sel.by < sel.ey ? sel.ex : sel.bx;
@@ -396,31 +483,78 @@ getbuttoninfo(XEvent *e, int *b, int *x, int *y) {
 }
 
 void
+mousereport(XEvent *e) {
+       int x = X2COL(e->xbutton.x);
+       int y = Y2ROW(e->xbutton.y);
+       int button = e->xbutton.button;
+       int state = e->xbutton.state;
+       char buf[] = { '\033', '[', 'M', 0, 32+x+1, 32+y+1 };
+       static int ob, ox, oy;
+       
+       /* from urxvt */
+       if(e->xbutton.type == MotionNotify) {
+               if(!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSEMOTION) || (x == ox && y == oy))
+                       return;
+               button = ob + 32;
+               ox = x, oy = y;
+       } else if(e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease || button == AnyButton) {
+               button = 3;
+       } else {
+               button -= Button1;
+               if(button >= 3)
+                       button += 64 - 3;
+               if(e->xbutton.type == ButtonPress) {
+                       ob = button;
+                       ox = x, oy = y;
+               }
+       }
+       
+       buf[3] = 32 + button + (state & ShiftMask ? 4 : 0)
+               + (state & Mod4Mask    ? 8  : 0)
+               + (state & ControlMask ? 16 : 0);
+       
+       ttywrite(buf, sizeof(buf));
+}
+
+void
 bpress(XEvent *e) {
-       sel.mode = 1;
-       sel.ex = sel.bx = e->xbutton.x/xw.cw;
-       sel.ey = sel.by = e->xbutton.y/xw.ch;
+       if(IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE))
+               mousereport(e);
+       else if(e->xbutton.button == Button1) {
+               if(sel.bx != -1)
+                       tsetdirt(sel.b.y, sel.e.y);
+               sel.mode = 1;
+               sel.ex = sel.bx = X2COL(e->xbutton.x);
+               sel.ey = sel.by = Y2ROW(e->xbutton.y);
+       }
 }
 
 void
 selcopy(void) {
        char *str, *ptr;
-       int ls, x, y, sz, sl;
+       int x, y, bufsize, is_selected = 0;
 
        if(sel.bx == -1)
                str = NULL;
+
        else {
-               sz = (term.col+1) * (sel.e.y-sel.b.y+1) * UTF_SIZ;
-               ptr = str = malloc(sz);
+               bufsize = (term.col+1) * (sel.e.y-sel.b.y+1) * UTF_SIZ;
+               ptr = str = malloc(bufsize);
+
+               /* append every set & selected glyph to the selection */
                for(y = 0; y < term.row; y++) {
-                       for(x = 0; x < term.col; x++)
-                               if(term.line[y][x].state & GLYPH_SET && (ls = selected(x, y))) {
-                                       sl = utf8size(term.line[y][x].c);
-                                       memcpy(ptr, term.line[y][x].c, sl);
-                                       ptr += sl;
+                       for(x = 0; x < term.col; x++) {
+                               is_selected = selected(x, y);
+                               if((term.line[y][x].state & GLYPH_SET) && is_selected) {
+                                       int size = utf8size(term.line[y][x].c);
+                                       memcpy(ptr, term.line[y][x].c, size);
+                                       ptr += size;
                                }
-                       if(ls)
-                               *ptr = '\n', ptr++;
+                       }
+
+                       /* \n at the end of every selected line except for the last one */
+                       if(is_selected && y < sel.e.y)
+                               *ptr++ = '\n';
                }
                *ptr = 0;
        }
@@ -429,15 +563,14 @@ selcopy(void) {
 
 void
 selnotify(XEvent *e) {
-       unsigned long nitems;
-       unsigned long ofs, rem;
+       ulong nitems, ofs, rem;
        int format;
-       unsigned char *data;
+       uchar *data;
        Atom type;
 
        ofs = 0;
        do {
-               if(XGetWindowProperty(xw.dis, xw.win, XA_PRIMARY, ofs, BUFSIZ/4,
+               if(XGetWindowProperty(xw.dpy, xw.win, XA_PRIMARY, ofs, BUFSIZ/4,
                                        False, AnyPropertyType, &type, &format,
                                        &nitems, &rem, &data)) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "Clipboard allocation failed\n");
@@ -452,7 +585,7 @@ selnotify(XEvent *e) {
 
 void
 selpaste() {
-       XConvertSelection(xw.dis, XA_PRIMARY, XA_STRING, XA_PRIMARY, xw.win, CurrentTime);
+       XConvertSelection(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, sel.xtarget, XA_PRIMARY, xw.win, CurrentTime);
 }
 
 void
@@ -470,18 +603,18 @@ selrequest(XEvent *e) {
        /* reject */
        xev.property = None;
 
-       xa_targets = XInternAtom(xw.dis, "TARGETS", 0);
+       xa_targets = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "TARGETS", 0);
        if(xsre->target == xa_targets) {
                /* respond with the supported type */
-               Atom string = XA_STRING;
+               Atom string = sel.xtarget;
                XChangeProperty(xsre->display, xsre->requestor, xsre->property,
                                XA_ATOM, 32, PropModeReplace,
-                               (unsigned char *) &string, 1);
+                               (uchar *) &string, 1);
                xev.property = xsre->property;
-       } else if(xsre->target == XA_STRING) {
+       } else if(xsre->target == sel.xtarget && sel.clip != NULL) {
                XChangeProperty(xsre->display, xsre->requestor, xsre->property,
                                xsre->target, 8, PropModeReplace,
-                               (unsigned char *) sel.clip, strlen(sel.clip));
+                               (uchar *) sel.clip, strlen(sel.clip));
                xev.property = xsre->property;
        }
 
@@ -498,38 +631,73 @@ xsetsel(char *str) {
        free(sel.clip);
        sel.clip = str;
 
-       XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dis, XA_PRIMARY, xw.win, CurrentTime);
+       XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, xw.win, CurrentTime);
 
-       clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dis, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
-       XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dis, clipboard, xw.win, CurrentTime);
+       clipboard = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "CLIPBOARD", 0);
+       XSetSelectionOwner(xw.dpy, clipboard, xw.win, CurrentTime);
 
-       XFlush(xw.dis);
+       XFlush(xw.dpy);
 }
 
-/* TODO: doubleclick to select word */
 void
 brelease(XEvent *e) {
-       int b;
-       sel.mode = 0;
-       getbuttoninfo(e, &b, &sel.ex, &sel.ey);
-       if(sel.bx==sel.ex && sel.by==sel.ey) {
-               sel.bx = -1;
-               if(b==2)
-                       selpaste();
-       } else {
-               if(b==1)
+       if(IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE)) {
+               mousereport(e);
+               return;
+       }
+       if(e->xbutton.button == Button2)
+               selpaste();
+       else if(e->xbutton.button == Button1) {
+               sel.mode = 0;
+               getbuttoninfo(e, NULL, &sel.ex, &sel.ey);
+               term.dirty[sel.ey] = 1;
+               if(sel.bx == sel.ex && sel.by == sel.ey) {
+                       struct timeval now;
+                       sel.bx = -1;
+                       gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+
+                       if(TIMEDIFF(now, sel.tclick2) <= TRIPLECLICK_TIMEOUT) {
+                               /* triple click on the line */
+                               sel.b.x = sel.bx = 0;
+                               sel.e.x = sel.ex = term.col;
+                               sel.b.y = sel.e.y = sel.ey;
+                               selcopy();
+                       } else if(TIMEDIFF(now, sel.tclick1) <= DOUBLECLICK_TIMEOUT) {
+                               /* double click to select word */
+                               sel.bx = sel.ex;
+                               while(sel.bx > 0 && term.line[sel.ey][sel.bx-1].state & GLYPH_SET &&
+                                         term.line[sel.ey][sel.bx-1].c[0] != ' ') sel.bx--;
+                               sel.b.x = sel.bx;
+                               while(sel.ex < term.col-1 && term.line[sel.ey][sel.ex+1].state & GLYPH_SET &&
+                                         term.line[sel.ey][sel.ex+1].c[0] != ' ') sel.ex++;
+                               sel.e.x = sel.ex;
+                               sel.b.y = sel.e.y = sel.ey;
+                               selcopy();
+                       }
+               } else
                        selcopy();
        }
-       draw(1);
+       memcpy(&sel.tclick2, &sel.tclick1, sizeof(struct timeval));
+       gettimeofday(&sel.tclick1, NULL);
+       draw();
 }
 
 void
 bmotion(XEvent *e) {
-       if (sel.mode) {
+       if(IS_SET(MODE_MOUSE)) {
+               mousereport(e);
+               return;
+       }
+       if(sel.mode) {
+               int oldey = sel.ey, oldex = sel.ex;
                getbuttoninfo(e, NULL, &sel.ex, &sel.ey);
-               /* XXX: draw() can't keep up, disabled for now.
-                  selection is visible on button release.
-                  draw(1); */
+
+               if(oldey != sel.ey || oldex != sel.ex) {
+                       int starty = MIN(oldey, sel.ey);
+                       int endy = MAX(oldey, sel.ey);
+                       tsetdirt(starty, endy);
+                       draw();
+               }
        }
 }
 
@@ -545,16 +713,17 @@ die(const char *errstr, ...) {
 
 void
 execsh(void) {
-       char *args[] = {getenv("SHELL"), "-i", NULL};
-       if(opt_cmd)
-               args[0] = opt_cmd, args[1] = NULL;
-       else
-               DEFAULT(args[0], SHELL);
+       char **args;
+       char *envshell = getenv("SHELL");
+
+       DEFAULT(envshell, SHELL);
        putenv("TERM="TNAME);
+       args = opt_cmd ? opt_cmd : (char*[]){envshell, "-i", NULL};
        execvp(args[0], args);
+       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 }
 
-void 
+void
 sigchld(int a) {
        int stat = 0;
        if(waitpid(pid, &stat, 0) < 0)
@@ -606,24 +775,31 @@ dump(char c) {
 
 void
 ttyread(void) {
-       char buf[BUFSIZ], *ptr;
-       char s[UTF_SIZ];
-       int ret, br;
+       static char buf[BUFSIZ];
        static int buflen = 0;
-       long u;
+       char *ptr;
+       char s[UTF_SIZ];
+       int charsize; /* size of utf8 char in bytes */
+       long utf8c;
+       int ret;
 
+       /* append read bytes to unprocessed bytes */
        if((ret = read(cmdfd, buf+buflen, LEN(buf)-buflen)) < 0)
                die("Couldn't read from shell: %s\n", SERRNO);
-       else {
-               buflen += ret;
-               for(ptr=buf; buflen>=UTF_SIZ||isfullutf8(ptr,buflen); buflen-=br) {
-                       br = utf8decode(ptr, &u);
-                       utf8encode(&u, s);
-                       tputc(s);
-                       ptr += br;
-               }
-               memcpy(buf, ptr, buflen);
+
+       /* process every complete utf8 char */
+       buflen += ret;
+       ptr = buf;
+       while(buflen >= UTF_SIZ || isfullutf8(ptr,buflen)) {
+               charsize = utf8decode(ptr, &utf8c);
+               utf8encode(&utf8c, s);
+               tputc(s);
+               ptr    += charsize;
+               buflen -= charsize;
        }
+
+       /* keep any uncomplete utf8 char for the next call */
+       memmove(buf, ptr, buflen);
 }
 
 void
@@ -644,6 +820,24 @@ ttyresize(int x, int y) {
 }
 
 void
+tsetdirt(int top, int bot)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       LIMIT(top, 0, term.row-1);
+       LIMIT(bot, 0, term.row-1);
+
+       for(i = top; i <= bot; i++)
+               term.dirty[i] = 1;
+}
+
+void
+tfulldirt(void)
+{
+       tsetdirt(0, term.row-1);
+}
+
+void
 tcursor(int mode) {
        static TCursor c;
 
@@ -656,8 +850,8 @@ tcursor(int mode) {
 void
 treset(void) {
        term.c = (TCursor){{
-               .mode = ATTR_NULL, 
-               .fg = DefaultFG, 
+               .mode = ATTR_NULL,
+               .fg = DefaultFG,
                .bg = DefaultBG
        }, .x = 0, .y = 0, .state = CURSOR_DEFAULT};
        
@@ -672,9 +866,12 @@ tnew(int col, int row) {
        term.row = row, term.col = col;
        term.line = malloc(term.row * sizeof(Line));
        term.alt  = malloc(term.row * sizeof(Line));
-       for(row = 0 ; row < term.row; row++) {
+       term.dirty = malloc(term.row * sizeof(*term.dirty));
+
+       for(row = 0; row < term.row; row++) {
                term.line[row] = malloc(term.col * sizeof(Glyph));
                term.alt [row] = malloc(term.col * sizeof(Glyph));
+               term.dirty[row] = 0;
        }
        /* setup screen */
        treset();
@@ -686,6 +883,7 @@ tswapscreen(void) {
        term.line = term.alt;
        term.alt = tmp;
        term.mode ^= MODE_ALTSCREEN;
+       tfulldirt();
 }
 
 void
@@ -701,7 +899,12 @@ tscrolldown(int orig, int n) {
                temp = term.line[i];
                term.line[i] = term.line[i-n];
                term.line[i-n] = temp;
+
+               term.dirty[i] = 1;
+               term.dirty[i-n] = 1;
        }
+
+       selscroll(orig, n);
 }
 
 void
@@ -712,10 +915,38 @@ tscrollup(int orig, int n) {
        
        tclearregion(0, orig, term.col-1, orig+n-1);
        
-       for(i = orig; i <= term.bot-n; i++) { 
+       for(i = orig; i <= term.bot-n; i++) {
                 temp = term.line[i];
-                term.line[i] = term.line[i+n]; 
+                term.line[i] = term.line[i+n];
                 term.line[i+n] = temp;
+
+                term.dirty[i] = 1;
+                term.dirty[i+n] = 1;
+       }
+
+       selscroll(orig, -n);
+}
+
+void
+selscroll(int orig, int n) {
+       if(sel.bx == -1)
+               return;
+       
+       if(BETWEEN(sel.by, orig, term.bot) || BETWEEN(sel.ey, orig, term.bot)) {
+               if((sel.by += n) > term.bot || (sel.ey += n) < term.top) {
+                       sel.bx = -1;
+                       return;
+               }
+               if(sel.by < term.top) {
+                       sel.by = term.top;
+                       sel.bx = 0;
+               }
+               if(sel.ey > term.bot) {
+                       sel.ey = term.bot;
+                       sel.ex = term.col;
+               }
+               sel.b.y = sel.by, sel.b.x = sel.bx;
+               sel.e.y = sel.ey, sel.e.x = sel.ex;
        }
 }
 
@@ -764,6 +995,7 @@ tmoveto(int x, int y) {
 
 void
 tsetchar(char *c) {
+       term.dirty[term.c.y] = 1;
        term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x] = term.c.attr;
        memcpy(term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x].c, c, UTF_SIZ);
        term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x].state |= GLYPH_SET;
@@ -783,9 +1015,11 @@ tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
        LIMIT(y1, 0, term.row-1);
        LIMIT(y2, 0, term.row-1);
 
-       for(y = y1; y <= y2; y++)
+       for(y = y1; y <= y2; y++) {
+               term.dirty[y] = 1;
                for(x = x1; x <= x2; x++)
                        term.line[y][x].state = 0;
+       }
 }
 
 void
@@ -793,6 +1027,8 @@ tdeletechar(int n) {
        int src = term.c.x + n;
        int dst = term.c.x;
        int size = term.col - src;
+       
+       term.dirty[term.c.y] = 1;
 
        if(src >= term.col) {
                tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
@@ -808,6 +1044,8 @@ tinsertblank(int n) {
        int dst = src + n;
        int size = term.col - dst;
 
+       term.dirty[term.c.y] = 1;
+
        if(dst >= term.col) {
                tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
                return;
@@ -844,47 +1082,47 @@ tsetattr(int *attr, int l) {
                        term.c.attr.bg = DefaultBG;
                        break;
                case 1:
-                       term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_BOLD;   
+                       term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_BOLD;
                        break;
-               case 4: 
+               case 4:
                        term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_UNDERLINE;
                        break;
-               case 7: 
-                       term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_REVERSE;       
+               case 7:
+                       term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_REVERSE;
                        break;
-               case 22: 
-                       term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_BOLD;  
+               case 22:
+                       term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_BOLD;
                        break;
-               case 24: 
+               case 24:
                        term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_UNDERLINE;
                        break;
-               case 27: 
-                       term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_REVERSE;       
+               case 27:
+                       term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_REVERSE;
                        break;
                case 38:
-                       if (i + 2 < l && attr[i + 1] == 5) {
+                       if(i + 2 < l && attr[i + 1] == 5) {
                                i += 2;
-                               if (BETWEEN(attr[i], 0, 255))
+                               if(BETWEEN(attr[i], 0, 255))
                                        term.c.attr.fg = attr[i];
                                else
                                        fprintf(stderr, "erresc: bad fgcolor %d\n", attr[i]);
                        }
                        else
-                               fprintf(stderr, "erresc: gfx attr %d unknown\n", attr[i]); 
+                               fprintf(stderr, "erresc: gfx attr %d unknown\n", attr[i]);
                        break;
                case 39:
                        term.c.attr.fg = DefaultFG;
                        break;
                case 48:
-                       if (i + 2 < l && attr[i + 1] == 5) {
+                       if(i + 2 < l && attr[i + 1] == 5) {
                                i += 2;
-                               if (BETWEEN(attr[i], 0, 255))
+                               if(BETWEEN(attr[i], 0, 255))
                                        term.c.attr.bg = attr[i];
                                else
                                        fprintf(stderr, "erresc: bad bgcolor %d\n", attr[i]);
                        }
                        else
-                               fprintf(stderr, "erresc: gfx attr %d unknown\n", attr[i]); 
+                               fprintf(stderr, "erresc: gfx attr %d unknown\n", attr[i]);
                        break;
                case 49:
                        term.c.attr.bg = DefaultBG;
@@ -898,7 +1136,7 @@ tsetattr(int *attr, int l) {
                                term.c.attr.fg = attr[i] - 90 + 8;
                        else if(BETWEEN(attr[i], 100, 107))
                                term.c.attr.fg = attr[i] - 100 + 8;
-                       else 
+                       else
                                fprintf(stderr, "erresc: gfx attr %d unknown\n", attr[i]), csidump();
                        
                        break;
@@ -918,7 +1156,7 @@ tsetscroll(int t, int b) {
                b = temp;
        }
        term.top = t;
-       term.bot = b;    
+       term.bot = b;
 }
 
 void
@@ -926,7 +1164,7 @@ csihandle(void) {
        switch(escseq.mode) {
        default:
        unknown:
-               printf("erresc: unknown csi ");
+               fprintf(stderr, "erresc: unknown csi ");
                csidump();
                /* die(""); */
                break;
@@ -973,6 +1211,7 @@ csihandle(void) {
                break;
        /* XXX: (CSI n I) CHT -- Cursor Forward Tabulation <n> tab stops */
        case 'J': /* ED -- Clear screen */
+               sel.bx = -1;
                switch(escseq.arg[0]) {
                case 0: /* below */
                        tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
@@ -1022,7 +1261,11 @@ csihandle(void) {
                        case 1:
                                term.mode &= ~MODE_APPKEYPAD;
                                break;
-                       case 5: /* TODO: DECSCNM -- Remove reverse video */
+                       case 5: /* DECSCNM -- Remove reverse video */
+                               if(IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
+                                       term.mode &= ~MODE_REVERSE;
+                                       draw();
+                               }
                                break;
                        case 7:
                                term.mode &= ~MODE_WRAP;
@@ -1035,13 +1278,20 @@ csihandle(void) {
                        case 25:
                                term.c.state |= CURSOR_HIDE;
                                break;
+                       case 1000: /* disable X11 xterm mouse reporting */
+                               term.mode &= ~MODE_MOUSEBTN;
+                               break;
+                       case 1002:
+                               term.mode &= ~MODE_MOUSEMOTION;
+                               break;
                        case 1049: /* = 1047 and 1048 */
+                       case 47:
                        case 1047:
                                if(IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN)) {
                                        tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
                                        tswapscreen();
                                }
-                               if(escseq.arg[0] == 1047)
+                               if(escseq.arg[0] != 1049)
                                        break;
                        case 1048:
                                tcursor(CURSOR_LOAD);
@@ -1083,7 +1333,10 @@ csihandle(void) {
                                term.mode |= MODE_APPKEYPAD;
                                break;
                        case 5: /* DECSCNM -- Reverve video */
-                               /* TODO: set REVERSE on the whole screen (f) */
+                               if(!IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
+                                       term.mode |= MODE_REVERSE;
+                                       draw();
+                               }
                                break;
                        case 7:
                                term.mode |= MODE_WRAP;
@@ -1098,13 +1351,20 @@ csihandle(void) {
                        case 25:
                                term.c.state &= ~CURSOR_HIDE;
                                break;
+                       case 1000: /* 1000,1002: enable xterm mouse report */
+                               term.mode |= MODE_MOUSEBTN;
+                               break;
+                       case 1002:
+                               term.mode |= MODE_MOUSEMOTION;
+                               break;
                        case 1049: /* = 1047 and 1048 */
+                       case 47:
                        case 1047:
                                if(IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
                                        tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
                                else
                                        tswapscreen();
-                               if(escseq.arg[0] == 1047)
+                               if(escseq.arg[0] != 1049)
                                        break;
                        case 1048:
                                tcursor(CURSOR_SAVE);
@@ -1143,14 +1403,17 @@ csihandle(void) {
 }
 
 void
-csidump(void) { 
+csidump(void) {
        int i;
-       printf("ESC [ %s", escseq.priv ? "? " : "");
-       if(escseq.narg)
-               for(i = 0; i < escseq.narg; i++)
-                       printf("%d ", escseq.arg[i]);
-       if(escseq.mode)
-               putchar(escseq.mode);
+       printf("ESC[");
+       for(i = 0; i < escseq.len; i++) {
+               uint c = escseq.buf[i] & 0xff;
+               if(isprint(c)) putchar(c);
+               else if(c == '\n') printf("(\\n)");
+               else if(c == '\r') printf("(\\r)");
+               else if(c == 0x1b) printf("(\\e)");
+               else printf("(%02x)", c);
+       }
        putchar('\n');
 }
 
@@ -1176,7 +1439,7 @@ tputc(char *c) {
                                csiparse(), csihandle();
                        }
                        /* TODO: handle other OSC */
-               } else if(term.esc & ESC_OSC) { 
+               } else if(term.esc & ESC_OSC) {
                        if(ascii == ';') {
                                term.titlelen = 0;
                                term.esc = ESC_START | ESC_TITLE;
@@ -1185,7 +1448,7 @@ tputc(char *c) {
                        if(ascii == '\a' || term.titlelen+1 >= ESC_TITLE_SIZ) {
                                term.esc = 0;
                                term.title[term.titlelen] = '\0';
-                               XStoreName(xw.dis, xw.win, term.title);
+                               XStoreName(xw.dpy, xw.win, term.title);
                        } else {
                                term.title[term.titlelen++] = ascii;
                        }
@@ -1198,7 +1461,7 @@ tputc(char *c) {
                                term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_GFX;
                                break;
                        default:
-                               printf("esc unhandled charset: ESC ( %c\n", ascii);
+                               fprintf(stderr, "esc unhandled charset: ESC ( %c\n", ascii);
                        }
                        term.esc = 0;
                } else {
@@ -1252,11 +1515,13 @@ tputc(char *c) {
                                break;
                        default:
                                fprintf(stderr, "erresc: unknown sequence ESC 0x%02X '%c'\n",
-                                   (unsigned char) ascii, isprint(ascii)?ascii:'.');
+                                   (uchar) ascii, isprint(ascii)?ascii:'.');
                                term.esc = 0;
                        }
                }
        } else {
+               if(sel.bx != -1 && BETWEEN(term.c.y, sel.by, sel.ey))
+                       sel.bx = -1;
                switch(ascii) {
                case '\t':
                        tputtab();
@@ -1289,7 +1554,6 @@ tputc(char *c) {
                                tmoveto(term.c.x+1, term.c.y);
                        else
                                term.c.state |= CURSOR_WRAPNEXT;
-                       break;
                }
        }
 }
@@ -1325,9 +1589,11 @@ tresize(int col, int row) {
        /* resize to new height */
        term.line = realloc(term.line, row * sizeof(Line));
        term.alt  = realloc(term.alt,  row * sizeof(Line));
+       term.dirty = realloc(term.dirty, row * sizeof(*term.dirty));
 
        /* resize each row to new width, zero-pad if needed */
        for(i = 0; i < minrow; i++) {
+               term.dirty[i] = 1;
                term.line[i] = realloc(term.line[i], col * sizeof(Glyph));
                term.alt[i]  = realloc(term.alt[i],  col * sizeof(Glyph));
                for(x = mincol; x < col; x++) {
@@ -1338,6 +1604,7 @@ tresize(int col, int row) {
 
        /* allocate any new rows */
        for(/* i == minrow */; i < row; i++) {
+               term.dirty[i] = 1;
                term.line[i] = calloc(col, sizeof(Glyph));
                term.alt [i] = calloc(col, sizeof(Glyph));
        }
@@ -1348,61 +1615,41 @@ tresize(int col, int row) {
        tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y);
        /* reset scrolling region */
        tsetscroll(0, row-1);
+
        return (slide > 0);
 }
 
 void
 xresize(int col, int row) {
-       Pixmap newbuf;
-       int oldw, oldh;
-
-       oldw = xw.bufw;
-       oldh = xw.bufh;
        xw.bufw = MAX(1, col * xw.cw);
        xw.bufh = MAX(1, row * xw.ch);
-       newbuf = XCreatePixmap(xw.dis, xw.win, xw.bufw, xw.bufh, XDefaultDepth(xw.dis, xw.scr));
-       XCopyArea(xw.dis, xw.buf, newbuf, dc.gc, 0, 0, xw.bufw, xw.bufh, 0, 0);
-       XFreePixmap(xw.dis, xw.buf);
-       XSetForeground(xw.dis, dc.gc, dc.col[DefaultBG]);
-       if(xw.bufw > oldw)
-               XFillRectangle(xw.dis, newbuf, dc.gc, oldw, 0,
-                               xw.bufw-oldw, MIN(xw.bufh, oldh));
-       else if(xw.bufw < oldw && (BORDER > 0 || xw.w > xw.bufw))
-               XClearArea(xw.dis, xw.win, BORDER+xw.bufw, BORDER,
-                               xw.w-xw.bufh-BORDER, BORDER+MIN(xw.bufh, oldh),
-                               False);
-       if(xw.bufh > oldh)
-               XFillRectangle(xw.dis, newbuf, dc.gc, 0, oldh,
-                               xw.bufw, xw.bufh-oldh);
-       else if(xw.bufh < oldh && (BORDER > 0 || xw.h > xw.bufh))
-               XClearArea(xw.dis, xw.win, BORDER, BORDER+xw.bufh,
-                               xw.w-2*BORDER, xw.h-xw.bufh-BORDER,
-                               False);
-       xw.buf = newbuf;
 }
 
 void
 xloadcols(void) {
        int i, r, g, b;
        XColor color;
-       unsigned long white = WhitePixel(xw.dis, xw.scr);
+       ulong white = WhitePixel(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
 
-       for(i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-               if (!XAllocNamedColor(xw.dis, xw.cmap, colorname[i], &color, &color)) {
+       /* load colors [0-15] colors and [256-LEN(colorname)[ (config.h) */
+       for(i = 0; i < LEN(colorname); i++) {
+               if(!colorname[i])
+                       continue;
+               if(!XAllocNamedColor(xw.dpy, xw.cmap, colorname[i], &color, &color)) {
                        dc.col[i] = white;
                        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate color '%s'\n", colorname[i]);
                } else
                        dc.col[i] = color.pixel;
        }
-
-       /* same colors as xterm */
-       for(r = 0; r < 6; r++)
+       
+       /* load colors [16-255] ; same colors as xterm */
+       for(i = 16, r = 0; r < 6; r++)
                for(g = 0; g < 6; g++)
                        for(b = 0; b < 6; b++) {
                                color.red = r == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * r;
                                color.green = g == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * g;
                                color.blue = b == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * b;
-                               if (!XAllocColor(xw.dis, xw.cmap, &color)) {
+                               if(!XAllocColor(xw.dpy, xw.cmap, &color)) {
                                        dc.col[i] = white;
                                        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate color %d\n", i);
                                } else
@@ -1412,7 +1659,7 @@ xloadcols(void) {
 
        for(r = 0; r < 24; r++, i++) {
                color.red = color.green = color.blue = 0x0808 + 0x0a0a * r;
-               if (!XAllocColor(xw.dis, xw.cmap, &color)) {
+               if (!XAllocColor(xw.dpy, xw.cmap, &color)) {
                        dc.col[i] = white;
                        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate color %d\n", i);
                } else
@@ -1422,15 +1669,14 @@ xloadcols(void) {
 
 void
 xclear(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
-       XSetForeground(xw.dis, dc.gc, dc.col[DefaultBG]);
-       XFillRectangle(xw.dis, xw.buf, dc.gc,
+       XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc, dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE) ? DefaultFG : DefaultBG]);
+       XFillRectangle(xw.dpy, xw.buf, dc.gc,
                       x1 * xw.cw, y1 * xw.ch,
                       (x2-x1+1) * xw.cw, (y2-y1+1) * xw.ch);
 }
 
 void
-xhints(void)
-{
+xhints(void) {
        XClassHint class = {opt_class ? opt_class : TNAME, TNAME};
        XWMHints wm = {.flags = InputHint, .input = 1};
        XSizeHints size = {
@@ -1442,18 +1688,17 @@ xhints(void)
                .base_height = 2*BORDER,
                .base_width = 2*BORDER,
        };
-       XSetWMProperties(xw.dis, xw.win, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, &size, &wm, &class);
+       XSetWMProperties(xw.dpy, xw.win, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, &size, &wm, &class);
 }
 
 XFontSet
-xinitfont(char *fontstr)
-{
+xinitfont(char *fontstr) {
        XFontSet set;
        char *def, **missing;
        int n;
 
        missing = NULL;
-       set = XCreateFontSet(xw.dis, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
+       set = XCreateFontSet(xw.dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
        if(missing) {
                while(n--)
                        fprintf(stderr, "st: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
@@ -1463,8 +1708,7 @@ xinitfont(char *fontstr)
 }
 
 void
-xgetfontinfo(XFontSet set, int *ascent, int *descent, short *lbearing, short *rbearing)
-{
+xgetfontinfo(XFontSet set, int *ascent, int *descent, short *lbearing, short *rbearing) {
        XFontStruct **xfonts;
        char **font_names;
        int i, n;
@@ -1481,8 +1725,7 @@ xgetfontinfo(XFontSet set, int *ascent, int *descent, short *lbearing, short *rb
 }
 
 void
-initfonts(char *fontstr, char *bfontstr)
-{
+initfonts(char *fontstr, char *bfontstr) {
        if((dc.font.set = xinitfont(fontstr)) == NULL ||
           (dc.bfont.set = xinitfont(bfontstr)) == NULL)
                die("Can't load font %s\n", dc.font.set ? BOLDFONT : FONT);
@@ -1495,25 +1738,27 @@ initfonts(char *fontstr, char *bfontstr)
 void
 xinit(void) {
        XSetWindowAttributes attrs;
+       Cursor cursor;
+       Window parent;
 
-       if(!(xw.dis = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
+       if(!(xw.dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
                die("Can't open display\n");
-       xw.scr = XDefaultScreen(xw.dis);
+       xw.scr = XDefaultScreen(xw.dpy);
        
        /* font */
        initfonts(FONT, BOLDFONT);
 
        /* XXX: Assuming same size for bold font */
-       xw.cw = dc.font.rbearing - dc.font.lbearing;
+       xw.cw = dc.font.rbearing - dc.font.lbearing;
        xw.ch = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 
        /* colors */
-       xw.cmap = XDefaultColormap(xw.dis, xw.scr);
+       xw.cmap = XDefaultColormap(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
        xloadcols();
 
        /* window - default size */
-       xw.bufh = 24 * xw.ch;
-       xw.bufw = 80 * xw.cw;
+       xw.bufh = term.row * xw.ch;
+       xw.bufw = term.col * xw.cw;
        xw.h = xw.bufh + 2*BORDER;
        xw.w = xw.bufw + 2*BORDER;
 
@@ -1522,60 +1767,91 @@ xinit(void) {
        attrs.bit_gravity = NorthWestGravity;
        attrs.event_mask = FocusChangeMask | KeyPressMask
                | ExposureMask | VisibilityChangeMask | StructureNotifyMask
-               | PointerMotionMask | ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask;
+               | ButtonMotionMask | ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask
+               | EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask;
        attrs.colormap = xw.cmap;
 
-       xw.win = XCreateWindow(xw.dis, XRootWindow(xw.dis, xw.scr), 0, 0,
-                       xw.w, xw.h, 0, XDefaultDepth(xw.dis, xw.scr), InputOutput,
-                       XDefaultVisual(xw.dis, xw.scr),
+       parent = opt_embed ? strtol(opt_embed, NULL, 0) : XRootWindow(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
+       xw.win = XCreateWindow(xw.dpy, parent, 0, 0,
+                       xw.w, xw.h, 0, XDefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr), InputOutput,
+                       XDefaultVisual(xw.dpy, xw.scr),
                        CWBackPixel | CWBorderPixel | CWBitGravity | CWEventMask
                        | CWColormap,
                        &attrs);
-       xw.buf = XCreatePixmap(xw.dis, xw.win, xw.bufw, xw.bufh, XDefaultDepth(xw.dis, xw.scr));
+       xw.buf = XdbeAllocateBackBufferName(xw.dpy, xw.win, XdbeCopied);
 
 
        /* input methods */
-       xw.xim = XOpenIM(xw.dis, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-       xw.xic = XCreateIC(xw.xim, XNInputStyle, XIMPreeditNothing 
-                                          | XIMStatusNothing, XNClientWindow, xw.win, 
+       xw.xim = XOpenIM(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+       xw.xic = XCreateIC(xw.xim, XNInputStyle, XIMPreeditNothing
+                                          | XIMStatusNothing, XNClientWindow, xw.win,
                                           XNFocusWindow, xw.win, NULL);
        /* gc */
-       dc.gc = XCreateGC(xw.dis, xw.win, 0, NULL);
+       dc.gc = XCreateGC(xw.dpy, xw.win, 0, NULL);
        
-       XMapWindow(xw.dis, xw.win);
+       /* white cursor, black outline */
+       cursor = XCreateFontCursor(xw.dpy, XC_xterm);
+       XDefineCursor(xw.dpy, xw.win, cursor);
+       XRecolorCursor(xw.dpy, cursor,
+               &(XColor){.red = 0xffff, .green = 0xffff, .blue = 0xffff},
+               &(XColor){.red = 0x0000, .green = 0x0000, .blue = 0x0000});
+
+       xw.xembed = XInternAtom(xw.dpy, "_XEMBED", False);
+
+       XStoreName(xw.dpy, xw.win, opt_title ? opt_title : "st");
+       XMapWindow(xw.dpy, xw.win);
        xhints();
-       XStoreName(xw.dis, xw.win, opt_title ? opt_title : "st");
-       XSync(xw.dis, 0);
+       XSync(xw.dpy, 0);
 }
 
 void
 xdraws(char *s, Glyph base, int x, int y, int charlen, int bytelen) {
-       unsigned long xfg, xbg;
+       int fg = base.fg, bg = base.bg, temp;
        int winx = x*xw.cw, winy = y*xw.ch + dc.font.ascent, width = charlen*xw.cw;
+       XFontSet fontset = dc.font.set;
        int i;
+       
+       /* only switch default fg/bg if term is in RV mode */
+       if(IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
+               if(fg == DefaultFG)
+                       fg = DefaultBG;
+               if(bg == DefaultBG)
+                       bg = DefaultFG;
+       }
 
        if(base.mode & ATTR_REVERSE)
-               xfg = dc.col[base.bg], xbg = dc.col[base.fg];
-       else
-               xfg = dc.col[base.fg], xbg = dc.col[base.bg];
+               temp = fg, fg = bg, bg = temp;
+
+       if(base.mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
+               fg += 8;
+               fontset = dc.bfont.set;
+       }
 
-       XSetBackground(xw.dis, dc.gc, xbg);
-       XSetForeground(xw.dis, dc.gc, xfg);
+       XSetBackground(xw.dpy, dc.gc, dc.col[bg]);
+       XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc, dc.col[fg]);
 
-       if(base.mode & ATTR_GFX)
+       if(base.mode & ATTR_GFX) {
                for(i = 0; i < bytelen; i++) {
-                       char c = gfx[(unsigned int)s[i] % 256];
+                       char c = gfx[(uint)s[i] % 256];
                        if(c)
                                s[i] = c;
                        else if(s[i] > 0x5f)
                                s[i] -= 0x5f;
                }
+       }
 
-       XmbDrawImageString(xw.dis, xw.buf, base.mode & ATTR_BOLD ? dc.bfont.set : dc.font.set,
-           dc.gc, winx, winy, s, bytelen);
+       XmbDrawImageString(xw.dpy, xw.buf, fontset, dc.gc, winx, winy, s, bytelen);
        
        if(base.mode & ATTR_UNDERLINE)
-               XDrawLine(xw.dis, xw.buf, dc.gc, winx, winy+1, winx+width-1, winy+1);
+               XDrawLine(xw.dpy, xw.buf, dc.gc, winx, winy+1, winx+width-1, winy+1);
+}
+
+/* copy buffer pixmap to screen pixmap */
+void
+xcopy() {
+        XdbeSwapInfo swpinfo[1] = {{xw.win, XdbeCopied}};
+        XdbeSwapBuffers(xw.dpy, swpinfo, 1);
+
 }
 
 void
@@ -1597,46 +1873,34 @@ xdrawcursor(void) {
                xdraws(term.line[oldy][oldx].c, term.line[oldy][oldx], oldx, oldy, 1, sl);
        } else
                xclear(oldx, oldy, oldx, oldy);
-       
+
+       xcopy(oldx, oldy, 1, 1);
+
        /* draw the new one */
-       if(!(term.c.state & CURSOR_HIDE) && (xw.state & WIN_FOCUSED)) {
+       if(!(term.c.state & CURSOR_HIDE)) {
+               if(!(xw.state & WIN_FOCUSED))
+                       g.bg = DefaultUCS;
+
+               if(IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE))
+                       g.mode |= ATTR_REVERSE, g.fg = DefaultCS, g.bg = DefaultFG;
+
                sl = utf8size(g.c);
                xdraws(g.c, g, term.c.x, term.c.y, 1, sl);
                oldx = term.c.x, oldy = term.c.y;
        }
-}
 
-#ifdef DEBUG
-/* basic drawing routines */
-void
-xdrawc(int x, int y, Glyph g) {
-       int sl = utf8size(g.c);
-       XRectangle r = { x * xw.cw, y * xw.ch, xw.cw, xw.ch };
-       XSetBackground(xw.dis, dc.gc, dc.col[g.bg]);
-       XSetForeground(xw.dis, dc.gc, dc.col[g.fg]);
-       XmbDrawImageString(xw.dis, xw.buf, g.mode&ATTR_BOLD?dc.bfont.fs:dc.font.fs,
-           dc.gc, r.x, r.y+dc.font.ascent, g.c, sl);
+       xcopy(term.c.x, term.c.y, 1, 1);
 }
 
 void
-draw(int dummy) {
-       int x, y;
-
-       xclear(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
-       for(y = 0; y < term.row; y++)
-               for(x = 0; x < term.col; x++)
-                       if(term.line[y][x].state & GLYPH_SET)
-                               xdrawc(x, y, term.line[y][x]);
-
-       xdrawcursor();
-       XCopyArea(xw.dis, xw.buf, xw.win, dc.gc, 0, 0, xw.bufw, xw.bufh, BORDER, BORDER);
-       XFlush(xw.dis);
+draw() {
+       drawregion(0, 0, term.col, term.row);
+       xcopy();
+       gettimeofday(&xw.lastdraw, NULL);
 }
 
-#else
-/* optimized drawing routine */
 void
-draw(int redraw_all) {
+drawregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
        int ic, ib, x, y, ox, sl;
        Glyph base, new;
        char buf[DRAW_BUF_SIZ];
@@ -1644,16 +1908,19 @@ draw(int redraw_all) {
        if(!(xw.state & WIN_VISIBLE))
                return;
 
-       xclear(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
-       for(y = 0; y < term.row; y++) {
+       for(y = y1; y < y2; y++) {
+               if(!term.dirty[y])
+                       continue;
+               xclear(0, y, term.col, y);
+               term.dirty[y] = 0;
                base = term.line[y][0];
                ic = ib = ox = 0;
-               for(x = 0; x < term.col; x++) {
+               for(x = x1; x < x2; x++) {
                        new = term.line[y][x];
-                       if(sel.bx!=-1 && *(new.c) && selected(x, y))
+                       if(sel.bx != -1 && *(new.c) && selected(x, y))
                                new.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
                        if(ib > 0 && (!(new.state & GLYPH_SET) || ATTRCMP(base, new) ||
-                                       ib >= DRAW_BUF_SIZ-UTF_SIZ)) {
+                                                 ib >= DRAW_BUF_SIZ-UTF_SIZ)) {
                                xdraws(buf, base, ox, y, ic, ib);
                                ic = ib = 0;
                        }
@@ -1672,22 +1939,16 @@ draw(int redraw_all) {
                        xdraws(buf, base, ox, y, ic, ib);
        }
        xdrawcursor();
-       XCopyArea(xw.dis, xw.buf, xw.win, dc.gc, 0, 0, xw.bufw, xw.bufh, BORDER, BORDER);
 }
 
-#endif
-
 void
 expose(XEvent *ev) {
        XExposeEvent *e = &ev->xexpose;
        if(xw.state & WIN_REDRAW) {
-               if(!e->count) {
+               if(!e->count)
                        xw.state &= ~WIN_REDRAW;
-                       draw(SCREEN_REDRAW);
-               }
-       } else
-               XCopyArea(xw.dis, xw.buf, xw.win, dc.gc, e->x-BORDER, e->y-BORDER,
-                               e->width, e->height, e->x, e->y);
+        }
+        xcopy();
 }
 
 void
@@ -1707,9 +1968,9 @@ unmap(XEvent *ev) {
 
 void
 xseturgency(int add) {
-       XWMHints *h = XGetWMHints(xw.dis, xw.win);
+       XWMHints *h = XGetWMHints(xw.dpy, xw.win);
        h->flags = add ? (h->flags | XUrgencyHint) : (h->flags & ~XUrgencyHint);
-       XSetWMHints(xw.dis, xw.win, h);
+       XSetWMHints(xw.dpy, xw.win, h);
        XFree(h);
 }
 
@@ -1720,15 +1981,18 @@ focus(XEvent *ev) {
                xseturgency(0);
        } else
                xw.state &= ~WIN_FOCUSED;
-       draw(SCREEN_UPDATE);
+       draw();
 }
 
 char*
-kmap(KeySym k) {
+kmap(KeySym k, uint state) {
        int i;
-       for(i = 0; i < LEN(key); i++)
-               if(key[i].k == k)
+       state &= ~Mod2Mask;
+       for(i = 0; i < LEN(key); i++) {
+               uint mask = key[i].mask;
+               if(key[i].k == k && ((state & mask) == mask || (mask == XK_NO_MOD && !state)))
                        return (char*)key[i].s;
+       }
        return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -1748,7 +2012,7 @@ kpress(XEvent *ev) {
        len = XmbLookupString(xw.xic, e, buf, sizeof(buf), &ksym, &status);
        
        /* 1. custom keys from config.h */
-       if((customkey = kmap(ksym)))
+       if((customkey = kmap(ksym, e->state)))
                ttywrite(customkey, strlen(customkey));
        /* 2. hardcoded (overrides X lookup) */
        else
@@ -1757,7 +2021,8 @@ kpress(XEvent *ev) {
                case XK_Down:
                case XK_Left:
                case XK_Right:
-                       sprintf(buf, "\033%c%c", IS_SET(MODE_APPKEYPAD) ? 'O' : '[', "DACB"[ksym - XK_Left]);
+                       /* XXX: shift up/down doesn't work */
+                       sprintf(buf, "\033%c%c", IS_SET(MODE_APPKEYPAD) ? 'O' : '[', (shift ? "dacb":"DACB")[ksym - XK_Left]);
                        ttywrite(buf, 3);
                        break;
                case XK_Insert:
@@ -1773,17 +2038,30 @@ kpress(XEvent *ev) {
                        /* 3. X lookup  */
                default:
                        if(len > 0) {
-                               buf[sizeof(buf)-1] = '\0';
                                if(meta && len == 1)
                                        ttywrite("\033", 1);
                                ttywrite(buf, len);
-                       } else /* 4. nothing to send */
-                               fprintf(stderr, "errkey: %d\n", (int)ksym);
+                       }
                        break;
                }
 }
 
 void
+cmessage(XEvent *e) {
+       /* See xembed specs
+          http://standards.freedesktop.org/xembed-spec/xembed-spec-latest.html */
+       if (e->xclient.message_type == xw.xembed && e->xclient.format == 32) {
+               if (e->xclient.data.l[1] == XEMBED_FOCUS_IN) {
+                       xw.state |= WIN_FOCUSED;
+                       xseturgency(0);
+               } else if (e->xclient.data.l[1] == XEMBED_FOCUS_OUT) {
+                       xw.state &= ~WIN_FOCUSED;
+               }
+               draw();
+       }
+}
+
+void
 resize(XEvent *e) {
        int col, row;
        
@@ -1797,33 +2075,50 @@ resize(XEvent *e) {
        if(col == term.col && row == term.row)
                return;
        if(tresize(col, row))
-               draw(SCREEN_REDRAW);
+               draw();
        ttyresize(col, row);
        xresize(col, row);
 }
 
+bool
+last_draw_too_old(void) {
+       struct timeval now;
+       gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+       return TIMEDIFF(now, xw.lastdraw) >= DRAW_TIMEOUT/1000;
+}
+
 void
 run(void) {
        XEvent ev;
        fd_set rfd;
-       int xfd = XConnectionNumber(xw.dis);
-
+       int xfd = XConnectionNumber(xw.dpy);
+       struct timeval timeout = {0};
+       bool stuff_to_print = 0;
+       
        for(;;) {
                FD_ZERO(&rfd);
                FD_SET(cmdfd, &rfd);
                FD_SET(xfd, &rfd);
-               if(select(MAX(xfd, cmdfd)+1, &rfd, NULL, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
+               timeout.tv_sec  = 0;
+               timeout.tv_usec = SELECT_TIMEOUT;
+               if(select(MAX(xfd, cmdfd)+1, &rfd, NULL, NULL, &timeout) < 0) {
                        if(errno == EINTR)
                                continue;
                        die("select failed: %s\n", SERRNO);
                }
                if(FD_ISSET(cmdfd, &rfd)) {
                        ttyread();
-                       draw(SCREEN_UPDATE); 
+                       stuff_to_print = 1;
+               }
+
+               if(stuff_to_print && last_draw_too_old()) {
+                       stuff_to_print = 0;
+                       draw();
                }
-               while(XPending(xw.dis)) {
-                       XNextEvent(xw.dis, &ev);
-                       if (XFilterEvent(&ev, xw.win))
+
+               while(XPending(xw.dpy)) {
+                       XNextEvent(xw.dpy, &ev);
+                       if(XFilterEvent(&ev, xw.win))
                                continue;
                        if(handler[ev.type])
                                (handler[ev.type])(&ev);
@@ -1843,14 +2138,20 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                case 'c':
                        if(++i < argc) opt_class = argv[i];
                        break;
-               case 'e':
-                       if(++i < argc) opt_cmd = argv[i];
+               case 'w':
+                       if(++i < argc) opt_embed = argv[i];
                        break;
+               case 'e':
+                       /* eat every remaining arguments */
+                       if(++i < argc) opt_cmd = &argv[i];
+                       goto run;
                case 'v':
                default:
                        die(USAGE);
                }
        }
+
+ run:
        setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
        tnew(80, 24);
        ttynew();