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Adding a way to ignore bits in the state.
[st.git] / st.c
diff --git a/st.c b/st.c
index 64e0aff..64366af 100644 (file)
--- a/st.c
+++ b/st.c
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <locale.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <X11/extensions/Xdbe.h>
 #include <X11/Xft/Xft.h>
 #include <fontconfig/fontconfig.h>
+
 #define Glyph Glyph_
 #define Font Font_
+#define Draw XftDraw *
+#define Colour XftColor
+#define Colourmap Colormap
 
 #if   defined(__linux)
  #include <pty.h>
@@ -39,7 +44,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #define USAGE \
-       "st " VERSION " (c) 2010-2012 st engineers\n" \
+       "st " VERSION " (c) 2010-2013 st engineers\n" \
        "usage: st [-v] [-c class] [-f font] [-g geometry] [-o file]" \
        " [-t title] [-w windowid] [-e command ...]\n"
 
 #define XEMBED_FOCUS_OUT 5
 
 /* Arbitrary sizes */
-#define ESC_BUF_SIZ   256
+#define UTF_SIZ       4
+#define ESC_BUF_SIZ   (128*UTF_SIZ)
 #define ESC_ARG_SIZ   16
-#define STR_BUF_SIZ   256
-#define STR_ARG_SIZ   16
+#define STR_BUF_SIZ   ESC_BUF_SIZ
+#define STR_ARG_SIZ   ESC_ARG_SIZ
 #define DRAW_BUF_SIZ  20*1024
-#define UTF_SIZ       4
-#define XK_NO_MOD     UINT_MAX
-#define XK_ANY_MOD    0
+#define XK_ANY_MOD    UINT_MAX
+#define XK_NO_MOD     0
+#define XK_SWITCH_MOD (1<<13)
 
 #define REDRAW_TIMEOUT (80*1000) /* 80 ms */
 
+/* macros */
 #define SERRNO strerror(errno)
 #define MIN(a, b)  ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
 #define MAX(a, b)  ((a) < (b) ? (b) : (a))
 #define BETWEEN(x, a, b)  ((a) <= (x) && (x) <= (b))
 #define LIMIT(x, a, b)    (x) = (x) < (a) ? (a) : (x) > (b) ? (b) : (x)
 #define ATTRCMP(a, b) ((a).mode != (b).mode || (a).fg != (b).fg || (a).bg != (b).bg)
-#define IS_SET(flag) (term.mode & (flag))
+#define IS_SET(flag) ((term.mode & (flag)) != 0)
 #define TIMEDIFF(t1, t2) ((t1.tv_sec-t2.tv_sec)*1000 + (t1.tv_usec-t2.tv_usec)/1000)
-#define X2COL(x) (((x) - BORDER)/xw.cw)
-#define Y2ROW(y) (((y) - BORDER)/xw.ch)
+
+#define VT102ID "\033[?6c"
 
 enum glyph_attribute {
        ATTR_NULL      = 0,
@@ -83,18 +90,14 @@ enum glyph_attribute {
 };
 
 enum cursor_movement {
-       CURSOR_UP,
-       CURSOR_DOWN,
-       CURSOR_LEFT,
-       CURSOR_RIGHT,
        CURSOR_SAVE,
        CURSOR_LOAD
 };
 
 enum cursor_state {
        CURSOR_DEFAULT  = 0,
-       CURSOR_HIDE     = 1,
-       CURSOR_WRAPNEXT = 2
+       CURSOR_WRAPNEXT = 1,
+       CURSOR_ORIGIN   = 2
 };
 
 enum glyph_state {
@@ -103,16 +106,20 @@ enum glyph_state {
 };
 
 enum term_mode {
-       MODE_WRAP       = 1,
+       MODE_WRAP        = 1,
        MODE_INSERT      = 2,
        MODE_APPKEYPAD   = 4,
        MODE_ALTSCREEN   = 8,
-       MODE_CRLF       = 16,
+       MODE_CRLF        = 16,
        MODE_MOUSEBTN    = 32,
        MODE_MOUSEMOTION = 64,
        MODE_MOUSE       = 32|64,
        MODE_REVERSE     = 128,
-       MODE_KBDLOCK     = 256
+       MODE_KBDLOCK     = 256,
+       MODE_HIDE        = 512,
+       MODE_ECHO        = 1024,
+       MODE_APPCURSOR   = 2048,
+       MODE_MOUSESGR    = 4096,
 };
 
 enum escape_state {
@@ -121,6 +128,7 @@ enum escape_state {
        ESC_STR = 4, /* DSC, OSC, PM, APC */
        ESC_ALTCHARSET = 8,
        ESC_STR_END    = 16, /* a final string was encountered */
+       ESC_TEST       = 32, /* Enter in test mode */
 };
 
 enum window_state {
@@ -146,7 +154,7 @@ typedef struct {
        uchar state; /* state flags    */
 } Glyph;
 
-typedef Glyph* Line;
+typedef Glyph *Line;
 
 typedef struct {
        Glyph attr;      /* current char attributes */
@@ -162,7 +170,7 @@ typedef struct {
        int len;               /* raw string length */
        char priv;
        int arg[ESC_ARG_SIZ];
-       int narg;             /* nb of args */
+       int narg;              /* nb of args */
        char mode;
 } CSIEscape;
 
@@ -188,26 +196,26 @@ typedef struct {
        int bot;        /* bottom scroll limit */
        int mode;       /* terminal mode flags */
        int esc;        /* escape state flags */
+       bool numlock;   /* lock numbers in keyboard */
        bool *tabs;
 } Term;
 
 /* Purely graphic info */
 typedef struct {
-       Display* dpy;
-       Colormap cmap;
+       Display *dpy;
+       Colourmap cmap;
        Window win;
-       XdbeBackBuffer buf;
+       Drawable buf;
        Atom xembed, wmdeletewin;
        XIM xim;
        XIC xic;
-       XftDraw *xft_draw;
+       Draw draw;
        Visual *vis;
        int scr;
        bool isfixed; /* is fixed geometry? */
        int fx, fy, fw, fh; /* fixed geometry */
        int tw, th; /* tty width and height */
-       int w;  /* window width */
-       int h;  /* window height */
+       int w, h; /* window width and height */
        int ch; /* char height */
        int cw; /* char width  */
        char state; /* focus, redraw, visible */
@@ -217,6 +225,10 @@ typedef struct {
        KeySym k;
        uint mask;
        char s[ESC_BUF_SIZ];
+       /* three valued logic variables: 0 indifferent, 1 on, -1 off */
+       signed char appkey;             /* application keypad */
+       signed char appcursor;          /* application cursor */
+       signed char crlf;               /* crlf mode          */
 } Key;
 
 /* TODO: use better name for vars... */
@@ -234,6 +246,26 @@ typedef struct {
        struct timeval tclick2;
 } Selection;
 
+typedef union {
+       int i;
+       unsigned int ui;
+       float f;
+       const void *v;
+} Arg;
+
+typedef struct {
+       unsigned int mod;
+       KeySym keysym;
+       void (*func)(const Arg *);
+       const Arg arg;
+} Shortcut;
+
+/* function definitions used in config.h */
+static void xzoom(const Arg *);
+static void selpaste(const Arg *);
+static void numlock(const Arg *);
+
+/* Config.h for applying patches and the configuration. */
 #include "config.h"
 
 /* Font structure */
@@ -244,19 +276,21 @@ typedef struct {
        int descent;
        short lbearing;
        short rbearing;
-       XftFont *xft_set;
+       XftFont *match;
+       FcFontSet *set;
+       FcPattern *pattern;
 } Font;
 
 /* Drawing Context */
 typedef struct {
-       XftColor xft_col[LEN(colorname) < 256 ? 256 : LEN(colorname)];
-       GC gc;
+       Colour col[LEN(colorname) < 256 ? 256 : LEN(colorname)];
        Font font, bfont, ifont, ibfont;
+       GC gc;
 } DC;
 
 static void die(const char *, ...);
 static void draw(void);
-static void redraw(void);
+static void redraw(int);
 static void drawregion(int, int, int, int);
 static void execsh(void);
 static void sigchld(int);
@@ -271,13 +305,14 @@ static void strhandle(void);
 static void strparse(void);
 static void strreset(void);
 
-static void tclearregion(int, int, int, int);
+static void tclearregion(int, int, int, int, int);
 static void tcursor(int);
 static void tdeletechar(int);
 static void tdeleteline(int);
 static void tinsertblank(int);
 static void tinsertblankline(int);
 static void tmoveto(int, int);
+static void tmoveato(int x, int y);
 static void tnew(int, int);
 static void tnewline(int);
 static void tputtab(bool);
@@ -287,13 +322,15 @@ static int tresize(int, int);
 static void tscrollup(int, int);
 static void tscrolldown(int, int);
 static void tsetattr(int*, int);
-static void tsetchar(char*);
+static void tsetchar(char *, Glyph *, int, int);
 static void tsetscroll(int, int);
 static void tswapscreen(void);
 static void tsetdirt(int, int);
 static void tsetmode(bool, bool, int *, int);
 static void tfulldirt(void);
+static void techo(char *, int);
 
+static inline bool match(uint, uint);
 static void ttynew(void);
 static void ttyread(void);
 static void ttyresize(void);
@@ -305,10 +342,13 @@ static void xclear(int, int, int, int);
 static void xdrawcursor(void);
 static void xinit(void);
 static void xloadcols(void);
+static int xloadfont(Font *, FcPattern *);
+static void xloadfonts(char *, int);
 static void xresettitle(void);
 static void xseturgency(int);
 static void xsetsel(char*);
 static void xtermclear(int, int, int, int);
+static void xunloadfonts(void);
 static void xresize(int, int);
 
 static void expose(XEvent *);
@@ -317,6 +357,7 @@ static void unmap(XEvent *);
 static char *kmap(KeySym, uint);
 static void kpress(XEvent *);
 static void cmessage(XEvent *);
+static void cresize(int, int);
 static void resize(XEvent *);
 static void focus(XEvent *);
 static void brelease(XEvent *);
@@ -329,7 +370,6 @@ static void selrequest(XEvent *);
 static void selinit(void);
 static inline bool selected(int, int);
 static void selcopy(void);
-static void selpaste(void);
 static void selscroll(int, int);
 
 static int utf8decode(char *, long *);
@@ -337,10 +377,10 @@ static int utf8encode(long *, char *);
 static int utf8size(char *);
 static int isfullutf8(char *, int);
 
+static ssize_t xwrite(int, char *, size_t);
 static void *xmalloc(size_t);
 static void *xrealloc(void *, size_t);
-static void *xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
-static char *smstrcat(char *, ...);
+static void *xcalloc(size_t, size_t);
 
 static void (*handler[LASTEvent])(XEvent *) = {
        [KeyPress] = kpress,
@@ -376,6 +416,47 @@ static char *opt_embed = NULL;
 static char *opt_class = NULL;
 static char *opt_font = NULL;
 
+bool usedbe = False;
+
+static char *usedfont = NULL;
+static int usedfontsize = 0;
+
+/* Font Ring Cache */
+enum {
+       FRC_NORMAL,
+       FRC_ITALIC,
+       FRC_BOLD,
+       FRC_ITALICBOLD
+};
+
+typedef struct {
+       XftFont *font;
+       long c;
+       int flags;
+} Fontcache;
+
+/*
+ * Fontcache is a ring buffer, with frccur as current position and frclen as
+ * the current length of used elements.
+ */
+
+static Fontcache frc[1024];
+static int frccur = -1, frclen = 0;
+
+ssize_t
+xwrite(int fd, char *s, size_t len) {
+       size_t aux = len;
+
+       while(len > 0) {
+               ssize_t r = write(fd, s, len);
+               if(r < 0)
+                       return r;
+               len -= r;
+               s += r;
+       }
+       return aux;
+}
+
 void *
 xmalloc(size_t len) {
        void *p = malloc(len);
@@ -404,44 +485,6 @@ xcalloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size) {
        return p;
 }
 
-char *
-smstrcat(char *src, ...)
-{
-       va_list fmtargs;
-       char *ret, *p, *v;
-       int len, slen, flen;
-
-       len = slen = strlen(src);
-
-       va_start(fmtargs, src);
-       for(;;) {
-               v = va_arg(fmtargs, char *);
-               if(v == NULL)
-                       break;
-               len += strlen(v);
-       }
-       va_end(fmtargs);
-
-       p = ret = xmalloc(len+1);
-       memmove(p, src, slen);
-       p += slen;
-
-       va_start(fmtargs, src);
-       for(;;) {
-               v = va_arg(fmtargs, char *);
-               if(v == NULL)
-                       break;
-               flen = strlen(v);
-               memmove(p, v, flen);
-               p += flen;
-       }
-       va_end(fmtargs);
-
-       ret[len] = '\0';
-
-       return ret;
-}
-
 int
 utf8decode(char *s, long *u) {
        uchar c;
@@ -578,6 +621,22 @@ selinit(void) {
                sel.xtarget = XA_STRING;
 }
 
+static int
+x2col(int x) {
+       x -= borderpx;
+       x /= xw.cw;
+
+       return LIMIT(x, 0, term.col-1);
+}
+
+static int
+y2row(int y) {
+       y -= borderpx;
+       y /= xw.ch;
+
+       return LIMIT(y, 0, term.row-1);
+}
+
 static inline bool
 selected(int x, int y) {
        int bx, ex;
@@ -595,12 +654,12 @@ selected(int x, int y) {
 }
 
 void
-getbuttoninfo(XEvent *e, int *b, int *x, int *y) {
-       if(b)
-               *b = e->xbutton.button;
+getbuttoninfo(XEvent *e) {
+       sel.alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
+
+       sel.ex = x2col(e->xbutton.x);
+       sel.ey = y2row(e->xbutton.y);
 
-       *x = X2COL(e->xbutton.x);
-       *y = Y2ROW(e->xbutton.y);
        sel.b.x = sel.by < sel.ey ? sel.bx : sel.ex;
        sel.b.y = MIN(sel.by, sel.ey);
        sel.e.x = sel.by < sel.ey ? sel.ex : sel.bx;
@@ -609,11 +668,10 @@ getbuttoninfo(XEvent *e, int *b, int *x, int *y) {
 
 void
 mousereport(XEvent *e) {
-       int x = X2COL(e->xbutton.x);
-       int y = Y2ROW(e->xbutton.y);
-       int button = e->xbutton.button;
-       int state = e->xbutton.state;
-       char buf[] = { '\033', '[', 'M', 0, 32+x+1, 32+y+1 };
+       int x = x2col(e->xbutton.x), y = y2row(e->xbutton.y),
+           button = e->xbutton.button, state = e->xbutton.state,
+           len;
+       char buf[40];
        static int ob, ox, oy;
 
        /* from urxvt */
@@ -622,7 +680,9 @@ mousereport(XEvent *e) {
                        return;
                button = ob + 32;
                ox = x, oy = y;
-       } else if(e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease || button == AnyButton) {
+       } else if(!IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR)
+                       && (e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease
+                               || button == AnyButton)) {
                button = 3;
        } else {
                button -= Button1;
@@ -634,11 +694,23 @@ mousereport(XEvent *e) {
                }
        }
 
-       buf[3] = 32 + button + (state & ShiftMask ? 4 : 0)
+       button += (state & ShiftMask   ? 4  : 0)
                + (state & Mod4Mask    ? 8  : 0)
                + (state & ControlMask ? 16 : 0);
 
-       ttywrite(buf, sizeof(buf));
+       len = 0;
+       if(IS_SET(MODE_MOUSESGR)) {
+               len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[<%d;%d;%d%c",
+                               button, x+1, y+1,
+                               e->xbutton.type == ButtonRelease ? 'm' : 'M');
+       } else if(x < 223 && y < 223) {
+               len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[M%c%c%c",
+                               32+button, 32+x+1, 32+y+1);
+       } else {
+               return;
+       }
+
+       ttywrite(buf, len);
 }
 
 void
@@ -652,8 +724,12 @@ bpress(XEvent *e) {
                        draw();
                }
                sel.mode = 1;
-               sel.ex = sel.bx = X2COL(e->xbutton.x);
-               sel.ey = sel.by = Y2ROW(e->xbutton.y);
+               sel.ex = sel.bx = x2col(e->xbutton.x);
+               sel.ey = sel.by = y2row(e->xbutton.y);
+       } else if(e->xbutton.button == Button4) {
+               ttywrite("\031", 1);
+       } else if(e->xbutton.button == Button5) {
+               ttywrite("\005", 1);
        }
 }
 
@@ -661,7 +737,7 @@ void
 selcopy(void) {
        char *str, *ptr, *p;
        int x, y, bufsize, is_selected = 0, size;
-       Glyph *gp;
+       Glyph *gp, *last;
 
        if(sel.bx == -1) {
                str = NULL;
@@ -671,11 +747,16 @@ selcopy(void) {
 
                /* append every set & selected glyph to the selection */
                for(y = 0; y < term.row; y++) {
-                       for(x = 0; x < term.col; x++) {
-                               gp = &term.line[y][x];
+                       gp = &term.line[y][0];
+                       last = gp + term.col;
+
+                       while(--last >= gp && !(last->state & GLYPH_SET))
+                               /* nothing */;
 
+                       for(x = 0; gp <= last; x++, ++gp) {
                                if(!(is_selected = selected(x, y)))
                                        continue;
+
                                p = (gp->state & GLYPH_SET) ? gp->c : " ";
                                size = utf8size(p);
                                memcpy(ptr, p, size);
@@ -687,7 +768,6 @@ selcopy(void) {
                }
                *ptr = 0;
        }
-       sel.alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
        xsetsel(str);
 }
 
@@ -714,7 +794,7 @@ selnotify(XEvent *e) {
 }
 
 void
-selpaste(void) {
+selpaste(const Arg *dummy) {
        XConvertSelection(xw.dpy, XA_PRIMARY, sel.xtarget, XA_PRIMARY,
                        xw.win, CurrentTime);
 }
@@ -785,22 +865,22 @@ brelease(XEvent *e) {
        }
 
        if(e->xbutton.button == Button2) {
-               selpaste();
+               selpaste(NULL);
        } else if(e->xbutton.button == Button1) {
                sel.mode = 0;
-               getbuttoninfo(e, NULL, &sel.ex, &sel.ey);
+               getbuttoninfo(e);
                term.dirty[sel.ey] = 1;
                if(sel.bx == sel.ex && sel.by == sel.ey) {
                        sel.bx = -1;
                        gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
 
-                       if(TIMEDIFF(now, sel.tclick2) <= TRIPLECLICK_TIMEOUT) {
+                       if(TIMEDIFF(now, sel.tclick2) <= tripleclicktimeout) {
                                /* triple click on the line */
                                sel.b.x = sel.bx = 0;
                                sel.e.x = sel.ex = term.col;
                                sel.b.y = sel.e.y = sel.ey;
                                selcopy();
-                       } else if(TIMEDIFF(now, sel.tclick1) <= DOUBLECLICK_TIMEOUT) {
+                       } else if(TIMEDIFF(now, sel.tclick1) <= doubleclicktimeout) {
                                /* double click to select word */
                                sel.bx = sel.ex;
                                while(sel.bx > 0 && term.line[sel.ey][sel.bx-1].state & GLYPH_SET &&
@@ -834,16 +914,17 @@ bmotion(XEvent *e) {
                return;
        }
 
-       if(sel.mode) {
-               oldey = sel.ey;
-               oldex = sel.ex;
-               getbuttoninfo(e, NULL, &sel.ex, &sel.ey);
+       if(!sel.mode)
+               return;
 
-               if(oldey != sel.ey || oldex != sel.ex) {
-                       starty = MIN(oldey, sel.ey);
-                       endy = MAX(oldey, sel.ey);
-                       tsetdirt(starty, endy);
-               }
+       oldey = sel.ey;
+       oldex = sel.ex;
+       getbuttoninfo(e);
+
+       if(oldey != sel.ey || oldex != sel.ex) {
+               starty = MIN(oldey, sel.ey);
+               endy = MAX(oldey, sel.ey);
+               tsetdirt(starty, endy);
        }
 }
 
@@ -861,11 +942,23 @@ void
 execsh(void) {
        char **args;
        char *envshell = getenv("SHELL");
+       const struct passwd *pass = getpwuid(getuid());
+       char buf[sizeof(long) * 8 + 1];
 
        unsetenv("COLUMNS");
        unsetenv("LINES");
        unsetenv("TERMCAP");
 
+       if(pass) {
+               setenv("LOGNAME", pass->pw_name, 1);
+               setenv("USER", pass->pw_name, 1);
+               setenv("SHELL", pass->pw_shell, 0);
+               setenv("HOME", pass->pw_dir, 0);
+       }
+
+       snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lu", xw.win);
+       setenv("WINDOWID", buf, 1);
+
        signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGHUP, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
@@ -873,9 +966,9 @@ execsh(void) {
        signal(SIGTERM, SIG_DFL);
        signal(SIGALRM, SIG_DFL);
 
-       DEFAULT(envshell, SHELL);
-       putenv("TERM="TNAME);
-       args = opt_cmd ? opt_cmd : (char*[]){envshell, "-i", NULL};
+       DEFAULT(envshell, shell);
+       setenv("TERM", termname, 1);
+       args = opt_cmd ? opt_cmd : (char *[]){envshell, "-i", NULL};
        execvp(args[0], args);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 }
@@ -923,13 +1016,12 @@ ttynew(void) {
                cmdfd = m;
                signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
                if(opt_io) {
-                       if(!strcmp(opt_io, "-")) {
-                               iofd = STDOUT_FILENO;
-                       } else {
-                               if((iofd = open(opt_io, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666)) < 0) {
-                                       fprintf(stderr, "Error opening %s:%s\n",
-                                               opt_io, strerror(errno));
-                               }
+                       iofd = (!strcmp(opt_io, "-")) ?
+                                 STDOUT_FILENO :
+                                 open(opt_io, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0666);
+                       if(iofd < 0) {
+                               fprintf(stderr, "Error opening %s:%s\n",
+                                       opt_io, strerror(errno));
                        }
                }
        }
@@ -1025,18 +1117,20 @@ treset(void) {
 
        term.c = (TCursor){{
                .mode = ATTR_NULL,
-               .fg = DefaultFG,
-               .bg = DefaultBG
+               .fg = defaultfg,
+               .bg = defaultbg
        }, .x = 0, .y = 0, .state = CURSOR_DEFAULT};
 
        memset(term.tabs, 0, term.col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
-       for(i = TAB; i < term.col; i += TAB)
+       for(i = tabspaces; i < term.col; i += tabspaces)
                term.tabs[i] = 1;
        term.top = 0;
        term.bot = term.row - 1;
        term.mode = MODE_WRAP;
 
-       tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
+       tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1, 0);
+       tmoveto(0, 0);
+       tcursor(CURSOR_SAVE);
 }
 
 void
@@ -1054,6 +1148,8 @@ tnew(int col, int row) {
                term.alt [row] = xmalloc(term.col * sizeof(Glyph));
                term.dirty[row] = 0;
        }
+
+       term.numlock = 1;
        memset(term.tabs, 0, term.col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
        /* setup screen */
        treset();
@@ -1076,7 +1172,7 @@ tscrolldown(int orig, int n) {
 
        LIMIT(n, 0, term.bot-orig+1);
 
-       tclearregion(0, term.bot-n+1, term.col-1, term.bot);
+       tclearregion(0, term.bot-n+1, term.col-1, term.bot, 0);
 
        for(i = term.bot; i >= orig+n; i--) {
                temp = term.line[i];
@@ -1096,7 +1192,7 @@ tscrollup(int orig, int n) {
        Line temp;
        LIMIT(n, 0, term.bot-orig+1);
 
-       tclearregion(0, orig, term.col-1, orig+n-1);
+       tclearregion(0, orig, term.col-1, orig+n-1, 0);
 
        for(i = orig; i <= term.bot-n; i++) {
                 temp = term.line[i];
@@ -1170,18 +1266,33 @@ csiparse(void) {
        }
 }
 
+/* for absolute user moves, when decom is set */
+void
+tmoveato(int x, int y) {
+       tmoveto(x, y + ((term.c.state & CURSOR_ORIGIN) ? term.top: 0));
+}
+
 void
 tmoveto(int x, int y) {
+       int miny, maxy;
+
+       if(term.c.state & CURSOR_ORIGIN) {
+               miny = term.top;
+               maxy = term.bot;
+       } else {
+               miny = 0;
+               maxy = term.row - 1;
+       }
        LIMIT(x, 0, term.col-1);
-       LIMIT(y, 0, term.row-1);
+       LIMIT(y, miny, maxy);
        term.c.state &= ~CURSOR_WRAPNEXT;
        term.c.x = x;
        term.c.y = y;
 }
 
 void
-tsetchar(char *c) {
-       char *vt100_0[62] = { /* 0x41 - 0x7e */
+tsetchar(char *c, Glyph *attr, int x, int y) {
+       static char *vt100_0[62] = { /* 0x41 - 0x7e */
                "↑", "↓", "→", "←", "█", "▚", "☃", /* A - G */
                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* H - O */
                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* P - W */
@@ -1195,21 +1306,21 @@ tsetchar(char *c) {
        /*
         * The table is proudly stolen from rxvt.
         */
-       if(term.c.attr.mode & ATTR_GFX) {
+       if(attr->mode & ATTR_GFX) {
                if(c[0] >= 0x41 && c[0] <= 0x7e
                                && vt100_0[c[0] - 0x41]) {
                        c = vt100_0[c[0] - 0x41];
                }
        }
 
-       term.dirty[term.c.y] = 1;
-       term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x] = term.c.attr;
-       memcpy(term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x].c, c, UTF_SIZ);
-       term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x].state |= GLYPH_SET;
+       term.dirty[y] = 1;
+       term.line[y][x] = *attr;
+       memcpy(term.line[y][x].c, c, UTF_SIZ);
+       term.line[y][x].state |= GLYPH_SET;
 }
 
 void
-tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
+tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int bce) {
        int x, y, temp;
 
        if(x1 > x2)
@@ -1224,8 +1335,15 @@ tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
 
        for(y = y1; y <= y2; y++) {
                term.dirty[y] = 1;
-               for(x = x1; x <= x2; x++)
-                       term.line[y][x].state = 0;
+               for(x = x1; x <= x2; x++) {
+                       if(bce) {
+                               term.line[y][x] = term.c.attr;
+                               memcpy(term.line[y][x].c, " ", 2);
+                               term.line[y][x].state |= GLYPH_SET;
+                       } else {
+                               term.line[y][x].state = 0;
+                       }
+               }
        }
 }
 
@@ -1238,13 +1356,13 @@ tdeletechar(int n) {
        term.dirty[term.c.y] = 1;
 
        if(src >= term.col) {
-               tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
+               tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y, 0);
                return;
        }
 
        memmove(&term.line[term.c.y][dst], &term.line[term.c.y][src],
                        size * sizeof(Glyph));
-       tclearregion(term.col-n, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
+       tclearregion(term.col-n, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y, 0);
 }
 
 void
@@ -1256,13 +1374,13 @@ tinsertblank(int n) {
        term.dirty[term.c.y] = 1;
 
        if(dst >= term.col) {
-               tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
+               tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y, 0);
                return;
        }
 
        memmove(&term.line[term.c.y][dst], &term.line[term.c.y][src],
                        size * sizeof(Glyph));
-       tclearregion(src, term.c.y, dst - 1, term.c.y);
+       tclearregion(src, term.c.y, dst - 1, term.c.y, 0);
 }
 
 void
@@ -1290,19 +1408,20 @@ tsetattr(int *attr, int l) {
                case 0:
                        term.c.attr.mode &= ~(ATTR_REVERSE | ATTR_UNDERLINE | ATTR_BOLD \
                                        | ATTR_ITALIC | ATTR_BLINK);
-                       term.c.attr.fg = DefaultFG;
-                       term.c.attr.bg = DefaultBG;
+                       term.c.attr.fg = defaultfg;
+                       term.c.attr.bg = defaultbg;
                        break;
                case 1:
                        term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_BOLD;
                        break;
-               case 3: /* enter standout (highlight) */
+               case 3:
                        term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_ITALIC;
                        break;
                case 4:
                        term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_UNDERLINE;
                        break;
-               case 5:
+               case 5: /* slow blink */
+               case 6: /* rapid blink */
                        term.c.attr.mode |= ATTR_BLINK;
                        break;
                case 7:
@@ -1312,13 +1431,14 @@ tsetattr(int *attr, int l) {
                case 22:
                        term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_BOLD;
                        break;
-               case 23: /* leave standout (highlight) mode */
+               case 23:
                        term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_ITALIC;
                        break;
                case 24:
                        term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_UNDERLINE;
                        break;
                case 25:
+               case 26:
                        term.c.attr.mode &= ~ATTR_BLINK;
                        break;
                case 27:
@@ -1341,7 +1461,7 @@ tsetattr(int *attr, int l) {
                        }
                        break;
                case 39:
-                       term.c.attr.fg = DefaultFG;
+                       term.c.attr.fg = defaultfg;
                        break;
                case 48:
                        if(i + 2 < l && attr[i + 1] == 5) {
@@ -1360,7 +1480,7 @@ tsetattr(int *attr, int l) {
                        }
                        break;
                case 49:
-                       term.c.attr.bg = DefaultBG;
+                       term.c.attr.bg = defaultbg;
                        break;
                default:
                        if(BETWEEN(attr[i], 30, 37)) {
@@ -1401,61 +1521,70 @@ tsetscroll(int t, int b) {
 void
 tsetmode(bool priv, bool set, int *args, int narg) {
        int *lim, mode;
+       bool alt;
 
        for(lim = args + narg; args < lim; ++args) {
                if(priv) {
                        switch(*args) {
                                break;
                        case 1: /* DECCKM -- Cursor key */
-                               MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_APPKEYPAD);
+                               MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_APPCURSOR);
                                break;
                        case 5: /* DECSCNM -- Reverse video */
                                mode = term.mode;
                                MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_REVERSE);
                                if(mode != term.mode)
-                                       redraw();
+                                       redraw(REDRAW_TIMEOUT);
                                break;
-                       case 6: /* XXX: DECOM -- Origin */
+                       case 6: /* DECOM -- Origin */
+                               MODBIT(term.c.state, set, CURSOR_ORIGIN);
+                               tmoveato(0, 0);
                                break;
                        case 7: /* DECAWM -- Auto wrap */
                                MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_WRAP);
                                break;
-                       case 8: /* XXX: DECARM -- Auto repeat */
-                               break;
                        case 0:  /* Error (IGNORED) */
+                       case 2:  /* DECANM -- ANSI/VT52 (IGNORED) */
+                       case 3:  /* DECCOLM -- Column  (IGNORED) */
+                       case 4:  /* DECSCLM -- Scroll (IGNORED) */
+                       case 8:  /* DECARM -- Auto repeat (IGNORED) */
+                       case 18: /* DECPFF -- Printer feed (IGNORED) */
+                       case 19: /* DECPEX -- Printer extent (IGNORED) */
+                       case 42: /* DECNRCM -- National characters (IGNORED) */
                        case 12: /* att610 -- Start blinking cursor (IGNORED) */
                                break;
-                       case 25:
-                               MODBIT(term.c.state, !set, CURSOR_HIDE);
+                       case 25: /* DECTCEM -- Text Cursor Enable Mode */
+                               MODBIT(term.mode, !set, MODE_HIDE);
                                break;
                        case 1000: /* 1000,1002: enable xterm mouse report */
                                MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_MOUSEBTN);
+                               MODBIT(term.mode, 0, MODE_MOUSEMOTION);
                                break;
                        case 1002:
                                MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_MOUSEMOTION);
+                               MODBIT(term.mode, 0, MODE_MOUSEBTN);
+                               break;
+                       case 1006:
+                               MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_MOUSESGR);
                                break;
                        case 1049: /* = 1047 and 1048 */
                        case 47:
-                       case 1047:
-                               if(IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
-                                       tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
-                               if((set && !IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN)) ||
-                                               (!set && IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))) {
-                                       tswapscreen();
+                       case 1047: {
+                               alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
+                               if(alt) {
+                                       tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1,
+                                                       term.row-1, 0);
                                }
+                               if(set ^ alt)           /* set is always 1 or 0 */
+                                       tswapscreen();
                                if(*args != 1049)
                                        break;
+                       }
                                /* pass through */
                        case 1048:
                                tcursor((set) ? CURSOR_SAVE : CURSOR_LOAD);
                                break;
                        default:
-                       /* case 2:  DECANM -- ANSI/VT52 (NOT SUPPOURTED) */
-                       /* case 3:  DECCOLM -- Column  (NOT SUPPORTED) */
-                       /* case 4:  DECSCLM -- Scroll (NOT SUPPORTED) */
-                       /* case 18: DECPFF -- Printer feed (NOT SUPPORTED) */
-                       /* case 19: DECPEX -- Printer extent (NOT SUPPORTED) */
-                       /* case 42: DECNRCM -- National characters (NOT SUPPORTED) */
                                fprintf(stderr,
                                        "erresc: unknown private set/reset mode %d\n",
                                        *args);
@@ -1471,7 +1600,8 @@ tsetmode(bool priv, bool set, int *args, int narg) {
                        case 4:  /* IRM -- Insertion-replacement */
                                MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_INSERT);
                                break;
-                       case 12: /* XXX: SRM -- Send/Receive */
+                       case 12: /* SRM -- Send/Receive */
+                               MODBIT(term.mode, !set, MODE_ECHO);
                                break;
                        case 20: /* LNM -- Linefeed/new line */
                                MODBIT(term.mode, set, MODE_CRLF);
@@ -1502,16 +1632,20 @@ csihandle(void) {
                tinsertblank(csiescseq.arg[0]);
                break;
        case 'A': /* CUU -- Cursor <n> Up */
-       case 'e':
                DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
                tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y-csiescseq.arg[0]);
                break;
        case 'B': /* CUD -- Cursor <n> Down */
+       case 'e': /* VPR --Cursor <n> Down */
                DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
                tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y+csiescseq.arg[0]);
                break;
+       case 'c': /* DA -- Device Attributes */
+               if(csiescseq.arg[0] == 0)
+                       ttywrite(VT102ID, sizeof(VT102ID) - 1);
+               break;
        case 'C': /* CUF -- Cursor <n> Forward */
-       case 'a':
+       case 'a': /* HPR -- Cursor <n> Forward */
                DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
                tmoveto(term.c.x+csiescseq.arg[0], term.c.y);
                break;
@@ -1548,7 +1682,7 @@ csihandle(void) {
        case 'f': /* HVP */
                DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
                DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[1], 1);
-               tmoveto(csiescseq.arg[1]-1, csiescseq.arg[0]-1);
+               tmoveato(csiescseq.arg[1]-1, csiescseq.arg[0]-1);
                break;
        case 'I': /* CHT -- Cursor Forward Tabulation <n> tab stops */
                DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
@@ -1559,17 +1693,19 @@ csihandle(void) {
                sel.bx = -1;
                switch(csiescseq.arg[0]) {
                case 0: /* below */
-                       tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
-                       if(term.c.y < term.row-1)
-                               tclearregion(0, term.c.y+1, term.col-1, term.row-1);
+                       tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y, 1);
+                       if(term.c.y < term.row-1) {
+                               tclearregion(0, term.c.y+1, term.col-1,
+                                               term.row-1, 1);
+                       }
                        break;
                case 1: /* above */
                        if(term.c.y > 1)
-                               tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.c.y-1);
-                       tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y);
+                               tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.c.y-1, 1);
+                       tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y, 1);
                        break;
                case 2: /* all */
-                       tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
+                       tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1, 1);
                        break;
                default:
                        goto unknown;
@@ -1578,13 +1714,14 @@ csihandle(void) {
        case 'K': /* EL -- Clear line */
                switch(csiescseq.arg[0]) {
                case 0: /* right */
-                       tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
+                       tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1,
+                                       term.c.y, 1);
                        break;
                case 1: /* left */
-                       tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y);
+                       tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y, 1);
                        break;
                case 2: /* all */
-                       tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
+                       tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y, 1);
                        break;
                }
                break;
@@ -1609,7 +1746,8 @@ csihandle(void) {
                break;
        case 'X': /* ECH -- Erase <n> char */
                DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
-               tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.c.x + csiescseq.arg[0], term.c.y);
+               tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y,
+                               term.c.x + csiescseq.arg[0] - 1, term.c.y, 1);
                break;
        case 'P': /* DCH -- Delete <n> char */
                DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
@@ -1622,7 +1760,7 @@ csihandle(void) {
                break;
        case 'd': /* VPA -- Move to <row> */
                DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
-               tmoveto(term.c.x, csiescseq.arg[0]-1);
+               tmoveato(term.c.x, csiescseq.arg[0]-1);
                break;
        case 'h': /* SM -- Set terminal mode */
                tsetmode(csiescseq.priv, 1, csiescseq.arg, csiescseq.narg);
@@ -1637,7 +1775,7 @@ csihandle(void) {
                        DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
                        DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[1], term.row);
                        tsetscroll(csiescseq.arg[0]-1, csiescseq.arg[1]-1);
-                       tmoveto(0, 0);
+                       tmoveato(0, 0);
                }
                break;
        case 's': /* DECSC -- Save cursor position (ANSI.SYS) */
@@ -1782,42 +1920,128 @@ tputtab(bool forward) {
 }
 
 void
+techo(char *buf, int len) {
+       for(; len > 0; buf++, len--) {
+               char c = *buf;
+
+               if(c == '\033') {               /* escape */
+                       tputc("^", 1);
+                       tputc("[", 1);
+               } else if (c < '\x20') {        /* control code */
+                       if(c != '\n' && c != '\r' && c != '\t') {
+                               c |= '\x40';
+                               tputc("^", 1);
+                       }
+                       tputc(&c, 1);
+               } else {
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       if (len)
+               tputc(buf, len);
+}
+
+void
 tputc(char *c, int len) {
        uchar ascii = *c;
+       bool control = ascii < '\x20' || ascii == 0177;
+
+       if(iofd != -1) {
+               if (xwrite(iofd, c, len) < 0) {
+                       fprintf(stderr, "Error writing in %s:%s\n",
+                               opt_io, strerror(errno));
+                       close(iofd);
+                       iofd = -1;
+               }
+       }
 
-       if(iofd != -1)
-               write(iofd, c, len);
-
-       switch(ascii) {
-       case '\t':
-               tputtab(1);
-               return;
-       case '\b':
-               tmoveto(term.c.x-1, term.c.y);
-               return;
-       case '\r':
-               tmoveto(0, term.c.y);
-               return;
-       case '\f':
-       case '\v':
-       case '\n':
-               /* go to first col if the mode is set */
-               tnewline(IS_SET(MODE_CRLF));
-               return;
-       case '\a':
-               if(term.esc & ESC_STR)
+       /*
+        * STR sequences must be checked before anything else
+        * because it can use some control codes as part of the sequence.
+        */
+       if(term.esc & ESC_STR) {
+               switch(ascii) {
+               case '\033':
+                       term.esc = ESC_START | ESC_STR_END;
                        break;
-
-               if(!(xw.state & WIN_FOCUSED))
-                       xseturgency(1);
-               return;
-       case '\033':
-               csireset();
-               term.esc = ESC_START;
+               case '\a': /* backwards compatibility to xterm */
+                       term.esc = 0;
+                       strhandle();
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       if(strescseq.len + len < sizeof(strescseq.buf)) {
+                               memmove(&strescseq.buf[strescseq.len], c, len);
+                               strescseq.len += len;
+                       } else {
+                       /*
+                        * Here is a bug in terminals. If the user never sends
+                        * some code to stop the str or esc command, then st
+                        * will stop responding. But this is better than
+                        * silently failing with unknown characters. At least
+                        * then users will report back.
+                        *
+                        * In the case users ever get fixed, here is the code:
+                        */
+                       /*
+                        * term.esc = 0;
+                        * strhandle();
+                        */
+                       }
+               }
                return;
        }
 
-       if(term.esc & ESC_START) {
+       /*
+        * Actions of control codes must be performed as soon they arrive
+        * because they can be embedded inside a control sequence, and
+        * they must not cause conflicts with sequences.
+        */
+       if(control) {
+               switch(ascii) {
+               case '\t':      /* HT */
+                       tputtab(1);
+                       return;
+               case '\b':      /* BS */
+                       tmoveto(term.c.x-1, term.c.y);
+                       return;
+               case '\r':      /* CR */
+                       tmoveto(0, term.c.y);
+                       return;
+               case '\f':      /* LF */
+               case '\v':      /* VT */
+               case '\n':      /* LF */
+                       /* go to first col if the mode is set */
+                       tnewline(IS_SET(MODE_CRLF));
+                       return;
+               case '\a':      /* BEL */
+                       if(!(xw.state & WIN_FOCUSED))
+                               xseturgency(1);
+                       return;
+               case '\033':    /* ESC */
+                       csireset();
+                       term.esc = ESC_START;
+                       return;
+               case '\016':    /* SO */
+               case '\017':    /* SI */
+                       /*
+                        * Different charsets are hard to handle. Applications
+                        * should use the right alt charset escapes for the
+                        * only reason they still exist: line drawing. The
+                        * rest is incompatible history st should not support.
+                        */
+                       return;
+               case '\032':    /* SUB */
+               case '\030':    /* CAN */
+                       csireset();
+                       return;
+               case '\005':    /* ENQ (IGNORED) */
+               case '\000':    /* NUL (IGNORED) */
+               case '\021':    /* XON (IGNORED) */
+               case '\023':    /* XOFF (IGNORED) */
+               case 0177:      /* DEL (IGNORED) */
+                       return;
+               }
+       } else if(term.esc & ESC_START) {
                if(term.esc & ESC_CSI) {
                        csiescseq.buf[csiescseq.len++] = ascii;
                        if(BETWEEN(ascii, 0x40, 0x7E)
@@ -1825,22 +2049,6 @@ tputc(char *c, int len) {
                                term.esc = 0;
                                csiparse(), csihandle();
                        }
-               } else if(term.esc & ESC_STR) {
-                       switch(ascii) {
-                       case '\033':
-                               term.esc = ESC_START | ESC_STR_END;
-                               break;
-                       case '\a': /* backwards compatibility to xterm */
-                               term.esc = 0;
-                               strhandle();
-                               break;
-                       default:
-                               strescseq.buf[strescseq.len++] = ascii;
-                               if(strescseq.len+1 >= STR_BUF_SIZ) {
-                                       term.esc = 0;
-                                       strhandle();
-                               }
-                       }
                } else if(term.esc & ESC_STR_END) {
                        term.esc = 0;
                        if(ascii == '\\')
@@ -1863,11 +2071,25 @@ tputc(char *c, int len) {
                                fprintf(stderr, "esc unhandled charset: ESC ( %c\n", ascii);
                        }
                        term.esc = 0;
+               } else if(term.esc & ESC_TEST) {
+                       if(ascii == '8') { /* DEC screen alignment test. */
+                               char E[UTF_SIZ] = "E";
+                               int x, y;
+
+                               for(x = 0; x < term.col; ++x) {
+                                       for(y = 0; y < term.row; ++y)
+                                               tsetchar(E, &term.c.attr, x, y);
+                               }
+                       }
+                       term.esc = 0;
                } else {
                        switch(ascii) {
                        case '[':
                                term.esc |= ESC_CSI;
                                break;
+                       case '#':
+                               term.esc |= ESC_TEST;
+                               break;
                        case 'P': /* DCS -- Device Control String */
                        case '_': /* APC -- Application Program Command */
                        case '^': /* PM -- Privacy Message */
@@ -1909,6 +2131,10 @@ tputc(char *c, int len) {
                                }
                                term.esc = 0;
                                break;
+                       case 'Z': /* DECID -- Identify Terminal */
+                               ttywrite(VT102ID, sizeof(VT102ID) - 1);
+                               term.esc = 0;
+                               break;
                        case 'c': /* RIS -- Reset to inital state */
                                treset();
                                term.esc = 0;
@@ -1939,19 +2165,33 @@ tputc(char *c, int len) {
                                term.esc = 0;
                        }
                }
+               /*
+                * All characters which form part of a sequence are not
+                * printed
+                */
+               return;
+       }
+       /*
+        * Display control codes only if we are in graphic mode
+        */
+       if(control && !(term.c.attr.mode & ATTR_GFX))
+               return;
+       if(sel.bx != -1 && BETWEEN(term.c.y, sel.by, sel.ey))
+               sel.bx = -1;
+       if(IS_SET(MODE_WRAP) && term.c.state & CURSOR_WRAPNEXT)
+               tnewline(1); /* always go to first col */
+
+       if(IS_SET(MODE_INSERT) && term.c.x+1 < term.col) {
+               memmove(&term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x+1],
+                       &term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x],
+                       (term.col - term.c.x - 1) * sizeof(Glyph));
+       }
+
+       tsetchar(c, &term.c.attr, term.c.x, term.c.y);
+       if(term.c.x+1 < term.col) {
+               tmoveto(term.c.x+1, term.c.y);
        } else {
-               if(sel.bx != -1 && BETWEEN(term.c.y, sel.by, sel.ey))
-                       sel.bx = -1;
-               if(ascii >= '\020' || term.c.attr.mode & ATTR_GFX) {
-                       if(IS_SET(MODE_WRAP) && term.c.state & CURSOR_WRAPNEXT)
-                               tnewline(1); /* always go to first col */
-                       tsetchar(c);
-                       if(term.c.x+1 < term.col) {
-                               tmoveto(term.c.x+1, term.c.y);
-                       } else {
-                               term.c.state |= CURSOR_WRAPNEXT;
-                       }
-               }
+               term.c.state |= CURSOR_WRAPNEXT;
        }
 }
 
@@ -1969,9 +2209,11 @@ tresize(int col, int row) {
        /* free unneeded rows */
        i = 0;
        if(slide > 0) {
-               /* slide screen to keep cursor where we expect it -
+               /*
+                * slide screen to keep cursor where we expect it -
                 * tscrollup would work here, but we can optimize to
-                * memmove because we're freeing the earlier lines */
+                * memmove because we're freeing the earlier lines
+                */
                for(/* i = 0 */; i < slide; i++) {
                        free(term.line[i]);
                        free(term.alt[i]);
@@ -2013,37 +2255,46 @@ tresize(int col, int row) {
                memset(bp, 0, sizeof(*term.tabs) * (col - term.col));
                while(--bp > term.tabs && !*bp)
                        /* nothing */ ;
-               for(bp += TAB; bp < term.tabs + col; bp += TAB)
+               for(bp += tabspaces; bp < term.tabs + col; bp += tabspaces)
                        *bp = 1;
        }
        /* update terminal size */
-       term.col = col, term.row = row;
-       /* make use of the LIMIT in tmoveto */
-       tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y);
+       term.col = col;
+       term.row = row;
        /* reset scrolling region */
        tsetscroll(0, row-1);
+       /* make use of the LIMIT in tmoveto */
+       tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y);
 
        return (slide > 0);
 }
 
 void
 xresize(int col, int row) {
-       xw.tw = MAX(1, 2*BORDER + col * xw.cw);
-       xw.th = MAX(1, 2*BORDER + row * xw.ch);
+       xw.tw = MAX(1, col * xw.cw);
+       xw.th = MAX(1, row * xw.ch);
 
-       XftDrawChange(xw.xft_draw, xw.buf);
+       if(!usedbe) {
+               XFreePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.buf);
+               xw.buf = XCreatePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.win, xw.w, xw.h,
+                               DefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr));
+               XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc, dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE) ? defaultfg : defaultbg].pixel);
+               XFillRectangle(xw.dpy, xw.buf, dc.gc, 0, 0, xw.w, xw.h);
+       }
+
+       XftDrawChange(xw.draw, xw.buf);
 }
 
 void
 xloadcols(void) {
        int i, r, g, b;
-       XRenderColor xft_color = { .alpha = 0 };
+       XRenderColor color = { .alpha = 0 };
 
        /* load colors [0-15] colors and [256-LEN(colorname)[ (config.h) */
        for(i = 0; i < LEN(colorname); i++) {
                if(!colorname[i])
                        continue;
-               if(!XftColorAllocName(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, colorname[i], &dc.xft_col[i])) {
+               if(!XftColorAllocName(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, colorname[i], &dc.col[i])) {
                        die("Could not allocate color '%s'\n", colorname[i]);
                }
        }
@@ -2052,10 +2303,10 @@ xloadcols(void) {
        for(i = 16, r = 0; r < 6; r++) {
                for(g = 0; g < 6; g++) {
                        for(b = 0; b < 6; b++) {
-                               xft_color.red = r == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * r;
-                               xft_color.green = g == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * g;
-                               xft_color.blue = b == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * b;
-                               if(!XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &xft_color, &dc.xft_col[i])) {
+                               color.red = r == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * r;
+                               color.green = g == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * g;
+                               color.blue = b == 0 ? 0 : 0x3737 + 0x2828 * b;
+                               if(!XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &color, &dc.col[i])) {
                                        die("Could not allocate color %d\n", i);
                                }
                                i++;
@@ -2064,9 +2315,9 @@ xloadcols(void) {
        }
 
        for(r = 0; r < 24; r++, i++) {
-               xft_color.red = xft_color.green = xft_color.blue = 0x0808 + 0x0a0a * r;
-               if(!XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &xft_color,
-                                       &dc.xft_col[i])) {
+               color.red = color.green = color.blue = 0x0808 + 0x0a0a * r;
+               if(!XftColorAllocValue(xw.dpy, xw.vis, xw.cmap, &color,
+                                       &dc.col[i])) {
                        die("Could not allocate color %d\n", i);
                }
        }
@@ -2074,10 +2325,10 @@ xloadcols(void) {
 
 void
 xtermclear(int col1, int row1, int col2, int row2) {
-       XftDrawRect(xw.xft_draw,
-                       &dc.xft_col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE) ? DefaultFG : DefaultBG],
-                       BORDER + col1 * xw.cw,
-                       BORDER + row1 * xw.ch,
+       XftDrawRect(xw.draw,
+                       &dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE) ? defaultfg : defaultbg],
+                       borderpx + col1 * xw.cw,
+                       borderpx + row1 * xw.ch,
                        (col2-col1+1) * xw.cw,
                        (row2-row1+1) * xw.ch);
 }
@@ -2087,14 +2338,14 @@ xtermclear(int col1, int row1, int col2, int row2) {
  */
 void
 xclear(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
-       XftDrawRect(xw.xft_draw,
-                       &dc.xft_col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE) ? DefaultFG : DefaultBG],
+       XftDrawRect(xw.draw,
+                       &dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)? defaultfg : defaultbg],
                        x1, y1, x2-x1, y2-y1);
 }
 
 void
 xhints(void) {
-       XClassHint class = {opt_class ? opt_class : TNAME, TNAME};
+       XClassHint class = {opt_class ? opt_class : termname, termname};
        XWMHints wm = {.flags = InputHint, .input = 1};
        XSizeHints *sizeh = NULL;
 
@@ -2105,8 +2356,8 @@ xhints(void) {
                sizeh->width = xw.w;
                sizeh->height_inc = xw.ch;
                sizeh->width_inc = xw.cw;
-               sizeh->base_height = 2*BORDER;
-               sizeh->base_width = 2*BORDER;
+               sizeh->base_height = 2 * borderpx;
+               sizeh->base_width = 2 * borderpx;
        } else {
                sizeh->flags = PMaxSize | PMinSize;
                sizeh->min_width = sizeh->max_width = xw.fw;
@@ -2117,57 +2368,143 @@ xhints(void) {
        XFree(sizeh);
 }
 
-void
-xinitfont(Font *f, char *fontstr) {
-       FcPattern *pattern, *match;
+int
+xloadfont(Font *f, FcPattern *pattern) {
+       FcPattern *match;
        FcResult result;
 
-       pattern = FcNameParse((FcChar8 *)fontstr);
-       if(!pattern)
-               die("st: can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
-
-       match = XftFontMatch(xw.dpy, xw.scr, pattern, &result);
-       FcPatternDestroy(pattern);
+       match = FcFontMatch(NULL, pattern, &result);
        if(!match)
-               die("st: can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
-       if(!(f->xft_set = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy, match))) {
+               return 1;
+
+       if(!(f->set = FcFontSort(0, match, FcTrue, 0, &result))) {
+               FcPatternDestroy(match);
+               return 1;
+       }
+
+       if(!(f->match = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy, match))) {
                FcPatternDestroy(match);
-               die("st: can't open font %s.\n", fontstr);
+               return 1;
        }
 
-       f->ascent = f->xft_set->ascent;
-       f->descent = f->xft_set->descent;
+       f->pattern = FcPatternDuplicate(pattern);
+
+       f->ascent = f->match->ascent;
+       f->descent = f->match->descent;
        f->lbearing = 0;
-       f->rbearing = f->xft_set->max_advance_width;
+       f->rbearing = f->match->max_advance_width;
 
-       f->height = f->xft_set->height;
+       f->height = f->match->height;
        f->width = f->lbearing + f->rbearing;
+
+       return 0;
 }
 
 void
-initfonts(char *fontstr) {
-       char *fstr;
+xloadfonts(char *fontstr, int fontsize) {
+       FcPattern *pattern;
+       FcResult result;
+       double fontval;
+
+       if(fontstr[0] == '-') {
+               pattern = XftXlfdParse(fontstr, False, False);
+       } else {
+               pattern = FcNameParse((FcChar8 *)fontstr);
+       }
+
+       if(!pattern)
+               die("st: can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
 
-       xinitfont(&dc.font, fontstr);
+       if(fontsize > 0) {
+               FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE);
+               FcPatternAddDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, (double)fontsize);
+               usedfontsize = fontsize;
+       } else {
+               result = FcPatternGetDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 0, &fontval);
+               if(result == FcResultMatch) {
+                       usedfontsize = (int)fontval;
+               } else {
+                       /*
+                        * Default font size is 12, if none given. This is to
+                        * have a known usedfontsize value.
+                        */
+                       FcPatternAddDouble(pattern, FC_PIXEL_SIZE, 12);
+                       usedfontsize = 12;
+               }
+       }
+
+       FcConfigSubstitute(0, pattern, FcMatchPattern);
+       FcDefaultSubstitute(pattern);
+
+       if(xloadfont(&dc.font, pattern))
+               die("st: can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
+
+       /* Setting character width and height. */
        xw.cw = dc.font.width;
        xw.ch = dc.font.height;
 
-       fstr = smstrcat(fontstr, ":weight=bold", NULL);
-       xinitfont(&dc.bfont, fstr);
-       free(fstr);
+       FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SLANT);
+       FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_WEIGHT);
+       FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_SLANT, FC_SLANT_ROMAN);
+       FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_WEIGHT, FC_WEIGHT_BOLD);
+       if(xloadfont(&dc.bfont, pattern))
+               die("st: can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
 
-       fstr = smstrcat(fontstr, ":slant=italic,oblique", NULL);
-       xinitfont(&dc.ifont, fstr);
-       free(fstr);
+       FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_SLANT);
+       FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_SLANT, FC_SLANT_ITALIC);
+       if(xloadfont(&dc.ibfont, pattern))
+               die("st: can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
 
-       fstr = smstrcat(fontstr, ":weight=bold:slant=italic,oblique", NULL);
-       xinitfont(&dc.ibfont, fstr);
-       free(fstr);
+       FcPatternDel(pattern, FC_WEIGHT);
+       FcPatternAddInteger(pattern, FC_WEIGHT, FC_WEIGHT_MEDIUM);
+       if(xloadfont(&dc.ifont, pattern))
+               die("st: can't open font %s\n", fontstr);
+
+       FcPatternDestroy(pattern);
+}
+
+void
+xunloadfonts(void) {
+       int i, ip;
+
+       /*
+        * Free the loaded fonts in the font cache. This is done backwards
+        * from the frccur.
+        */
+       for (i = 0, ip = frccur; i < frclen; i++, ip--) {
+               if (ip < 0)
+                       ip = LEN(frc) - 1;
+               XftFontClose(xw.dpy, frc[ip].font);
+       }
+       frccur = -1;
+       frclen = 0;
+
+       XftFontClose(xw.dpy, dc.font.match);
+       FcPatternDestroy(dc.font.pattern);
+       FcFontSetDestroy(dc.font.set);
+       XftFontClose(xw.dpy, dc.bfont.match);
+       FcPatternDestroy(dc.bfont.pattern);
+       FcFontSetDestroy(dc.bfont.set);
+       XftFontClose(xw.dpy, dc.ifont.match);
+       FcPatternDestroy(dc.ifont.pattern);
+       FcFontSetDestroy(dc.ifont.set);
+       XftFontClose(xw.dpy, dc.ibfont.match);
+       FcPatternDestroy(dc.ibfont.pattern);
+       FcFontSetDestroy(dc.ibfont.set);
+}
+
+void
+xzoom(const Arg *arg) {
+       xunloadfonts();
+       xloadfonts(usedfont, usedfontsize + arg->i);
+       cresize(0, 0);
+       redraw(0);
 }
 
 void
 xinit(void) {
        XSetWindowAttributes attrs;
+       XGCValues gcvalues;
        Cursor cursor;
        Window parent;
        int sw, sh, major, minor;
@@ -2178,7 +2515,11 @@ xinit(void) {
        xw.vis = XDefaultVisual(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
 
        /* font */
-       initfonts((opt_font != NULL)? opt_font : FONT);
+       if (!FcInit())
+               die("Could not init fontconfig.\n");
+
+       usedfont = (opt_font == NULL)? font : opt_font;
+       xloadfonts(usedfont, 0);
 
        /* colors */
        xw.cmap = XDefaultColormap(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
@@ -2197,21 +2538,23 @@ xinit(void) {
                xw.w = xw.fw;
        } else {
                /* window - default size */
-               xw.h = 2*BORDER + term.row * xw.ch;
-               xw.w = 2*BORDER + term.col * xw.cw;
+               xw.h = 2 * borderpx + term.row * xw.ch;
+               xw.w = 2 * borderpx + term.col * xw.cw;
                xw.fx = 0;
                xw.fy = 0;
        }
 
-       attrs.background_pixel = dc.xft_col[DefaultBG].pixel;
-       attrs.border_pixel = dc.xft_col[DefaultBG].pixel;
+       /* Events */
+       attrs.background_pixel = dc.col[defaultbg].pixel;
+       attrs.border_pixel = dc.col[defaultbg].pixel;
        attrs.bit_gravity = NorthWestGravity;
        attrs.event_mask = FocusChangeMask | KeyPressMask
                | ExposureMask | VisibilityChangeMask | StructureNotifyMask
                | ButtonMotionMask | ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask;
        attrs.colormap = xw.cmap;
 
-       parent = opt_embed ? strtol(opt_embed, NULL, 0) : XRootWindow(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
+       parent = opt_embed ? strtol(opt_embed, NULL, 0) : \
+                       XRootWindow(xw.dpy, xw.scr);
        xw.win = XCreateWindow(xw.dpy, parent, xw.fx, xw.fy,
                        xw.w, xw.h, 0, XDefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr), InputOutput,
                        xw.vis,
@@ -2220,20 +2563,46 @@ xinit(void) {
                        &attrs);
 
        /* double buffering */
-       if(!XdbeQueryExtension(xw.dpy, &major, &minor))
-               die("Xdbe extension is not present\n");
-       xw.buf = XdbeAllocateBackBufferName(xw.dpy, xw.win, XdbeCopied);
+       /*
+       if(XdbeQueryExtension(xw.dpy, &major, &minor)) {
+               xw.buf = XdbeAllocateBackBufferName(xw.dpy, xw.win,
+                               XdbeBackground);
+               usedbe = True;
+       } else {
+       */
+               memset(&gcvalues, 0, sizeof(gcvalues));
+               gcvalues.graphics_exposures = False;
+               dc.gc = XCreateGC(xw.dpy, parent, GCGraphicsExposures,
+                               &gcvalues);
+               xw.buf = XCreatePixmap(xw.dpy, xw.win, xw.w, xw.h,
+                               DefaultDepth(xw.dpy, xw.scr));
+               XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc, dc.col[defaultbg].pixel);
+               XFillRectangle(xw.dpy, xw.buf, dc.gc, 0, 0, xw.w, xw.h);
+               //xw.buf = xw.win;
+       /*
+       }
+       */
 
        /* Xft rendering context */
-       xw.xft_draw = XftDrawCreate(xw.dpy, xw.buf, xw.vis, xw.cmap);
+       xw.draw = XftDrawCreate(xw.dpy, xw.buf, xw.vis, xw.cmap);
 
        /* input methods */
-       xw.xim = XOpenIM(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+       if((xw.xim =  XOpenIM(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
+               XSetLocaleModifiers("@im=local");
+               if((xw.xim =  XOpenIM(xw.dpy, NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
+                       XSetLocaleModifiers("@im=");
+                       if((xw.xim = XOpenIM(xw.dpy,
+                                       NULL, NULL, NULL)) == NULL) {
+                               die("XOpenIM failed. Could not open input"
+                                       " device.\n");
+                       }
+               }
+       }
        xw.xic = XCreateIC(xw.xim, XNInputStyle, XIMPreeditNothing
                                           | XIMStatusNothing, XNClientWindow, xw.win,
                                           XNFocusWindow, xw.win, NULL);
-       /* gc */
-       dc.gc = XCreateGC(xw.dpy, xw.win, 0, NULL);
+       if(xw.xic == NULL)
+               die("XCreateIC failed. Could not obtain input method.\n");
 
        /* white cursor, black outline */
        cursor = XCreateFontCursor(xw.dpy, XC_xterm);
@@ -2254,45 +2623,56 @@ xinit(void) {
 
 void
 xdraws(char *s, Glyph base, int x, int y, int charlen, int bytelen) {
-       int winx = BORDER + x * xw.cw, winy = BORDER + y * xw.ch,
-           width = charlen * xw.cw;
+       int winx = borderpx + x * xw.cw, winy = borderpx + y * xw.ch,
+           width = charlen * xw.cw, xp, i;
+       int frp, frcflags;
+       int u8fl, u8fblen, u8cblen, doesexist;
+       char *u8c, *u8fs;
+       long u8char;
        Font *font = &dc.font;
-       XGlyphInfo extents;
-       XftColor *fg = &dc.xft_col[base.fg], *bg = &dc.xft_col[base.bg],
+       FcResult fcres;
+       FcPattern *fcpattern, *fontpattern;
+       FcFontSet *fcsets[] = { NULL };
+       FcCharSet *fccharset;
+       Colour *fg = &dc.col[base.fg], *bg = &dc.col[base.bg],
                 *temp, revfg, revbg;
        XRenderColor colfg, colbg;
 
-       if(base.mode & ATTR_REVERSE)
-               temp = fg, fg = bg, bg = temp;
+       frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
 
        if(base.mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
                if(BETWEEN(base.fg, 0, 7)) {
                        /* basic system colors */
-                       fg = &dc.xft_col[base.fg + 8];
+                       fg = &dc.col[base.fg + 8];
                } else if(BETWEEN(base.fg, 16, 195)) {
                        /* 256 colors */
-                       fg = &dc.xft_col[base.fg + 36];
+                       fg = &dc.col[base.fg + 36];
                } else if(BETWEEN(base.fg, 232, 251)) {
                        /* greyscale */
-                       fg = &dc.xft_col[base.fg + 4];
+                       fg = &dc.col[base.fg + 4];
                }
                /*
                 * Those ranges will not be brightened:
                 *      8 - 15 – bright system colors
                 *      196 - 231 – highest 256 color cube
-                *      252 - 255 – brightest colors in grescale
+                *      252 - 255 – brightest colors in greyscale
                 */
                font = &dc.bfont;
+               frcflags = FRC_BOLD;
        }
 
-       if(base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC)
+       if(base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC) {
                font = &dc.ifont;
-       if(base.mode & (ATTR_ITALIC|ATTR_ITALIC))
+               frcflags = FRC_ITALIC;
+       }
+       if((base.mode & ATTR_ITALIC) && (base.mode & ATTR_BOLD)) {
                font = &dc.ibfont;
+               frcflags = FRC_ITALICBOLD;
+       }
 
        if(IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE)) {
-               if(fg == &dc.xft_col[DefaultFG]) {
-                       fg = &dc.xft_col[DefaultBG];
+               if(fg == &dc.col[defaultfg]) {
+                       fg = &dc.col[defaultbg];
                } else {
                        colfg.red = ~fg->color.red;
                        colfg.green = ~fg->color.green;
@@ -2302,8 +2682,8 @@ xdraws(char *s, Glyph base, int x, int y, int charlen, int bytelen) {
                        fg = &revfg;
                }
 
-               if(bg == &dc.xft_col[DefaultBG]) {
-                       bg = &dc.xft_col[DefaultFG];
+               if(bg == &dc.col[defaultbg]) {
+                       bg = &dc.col[defaultfg];
                } else {
                        colbg.red = ~bg->color.red;
                        colbg.green = ~bg->color.green;
@@ -2314,30 +2694,145 @@ xdraws(char *s, Glyph base, int x, int y, int charlen, int bytelen) {
                }
        }
 
-       XftTextExtentsUtf8(xw.dpy, font->xft_set, (FcChar8 *)s, bytelen,
-                       &extents);
-       width = extents.xOff;
+       if(base.mode & ATTR_REVERSE) {
+               temp = fg;
+               fg = bg;
+               bg = temp;
+       }
 
        /* Intelligent cleaning up of the borders. */
        if(x == 0) {
-               xclear(0, (y == 0)? 0 : winy, BORDER,
-                       winy + xw.ch + (y == term.row-1)? xw.h : 0);
+               xclear(0, (y == 0)? 0 : winy, borderpx,
+                       winy + xw.ch + ((y >= term.row-1)? xw.h : 0));
        }
-       if(x + charlen >= term.col-1) {
+       if(x + charlen >= term.col) {
                xclear(winx + width, (y == 0)? 0 : winy, xw.w,
-                       winy + xw.ch + (y == term.row-1)? xw.h : 0);
+                       ((y >= term.row-1)? xw.h : (winy + xw.ch)));
        }
        if(y == 0)
-               xclear(winx, 0, winx + width, BORDER);
+               xclear(winx, 0, winx + width, borderpx);
        if(y == term.row-1)
                xclear(winx, winy + xw.ch, winx + width, xw.h);
 
-       XftDrawRect(xw.xft_draw, bg, winx, winy, width, xw.ch);
-       XftDrawStringUtf8(xw.xft_draw, fg, font->xft_set, winx,
+       /* Clean up the region we want to draw to. */
+       XftDrawRect(xw.draw, bg, winx, winy, width, xw.ch);
+
+       fcsets[0] = font->set;
+       for (xp = winx; bytelen > 0;) {
+               /*
+                * Search for the range in the to be printed string of glyphs
+                * that are in the main font. Then print that range. If
+                * some glyph is found that is not in the font, do the
+                * fallback dance.
+                */
+               u8fs = s;
+               u8fblen = 0;
+               u8fl = 0;
+               for (;;) {
+                       u8c = s;
+                       u8cblen = utf8decode(s, &u8char);
+                       s += u8cblen;
+                       bytelen -= u8cblen;
+
+                       doesexist = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, font->match, u8char);
+                       if (!doesexist || bytelen <= 0) {
+                               if (bytelen <= 0) {
+                                       if (doesexist) {
+                                               u8fl++;
+                                               u8fblen += u8cblen;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               if (u8fl > 0) {
+                                       XftDrawStringUtf8(xw.draw, fg,
+                                                       font->match, xp,
+                                                       winy + font->ascent,
+                                                       (FcChar8 *)u8fs,
+                                                       u8fblen);
+                                       xp += font->width * u8fl;
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+                       u8fl++;
+                       u8fblen += u8cblen;
+               }
+               if (doesexist)
+                       break;
+
+               frp = frccur;
+               /* Search the font cache. */
+               for (i = 0; i < frclen; i++, frp--) {
+                       if (frp <= 0)
+                               frp = LEN(frc) - 1;
+
+                       if (frc[frp].c == u8char
+                                       && frc[frp].flags == frcflags) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /* Nothing was found. */
+               if (i >= frclen) {
+                       /*
+                        * Nothing was found in the cache. Now use
+                        * some dozen of Fontconfig calls to get the
+                        * font for one single character.
+                        */
+                       fcpattern = FcPatternDuplicate(font->pattern);
+                       fccharset = FcCharSetCreate();
+
+                       FcCharSetAddChar(fccharset, u8char);
+                       FcPatternAddCharSet(fcpattern, FC_CHARSET,
+                                       fccharset);
+                       FcPatternAddBool(fcpattern, FC_SCALABLE,
+                                       FcTrue);
+
+                       FcConfigSubstitute(0, fcpattern,
+                                       FcMatchPattern);
+                       FcDefaultSubstitute(fcpattern);
+
+                       fontpattern = FcFontSetMatch(0, fcsets,
+                                       FcTrue, fcpattern, &fcres);
+
+                       /*
+                        * Overwrite or create the new cache entry
+                        * entry.
+                        */
+                       frccur++;
+                       frclen++;
+                       if (frccur >= LEN(frc))
+                               frccur = 0;
+                       if (frclen > LEN(frc)) {
+                               frclen = LEN(frc);
+                               XftFontClose(xw.dpy, frc[frccur].font);
+                       }
+
+                       frc[frccur].font = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy,
+                                       fontpattern);
+                       frc[frccur].c = u8char;
+                       frc[frccur].flags = frcflags;
+
+                       FcPatternDestroy(fcpattern);
+                       FcCharSetDestroy(fccharset);
+
+                       frp = frccur;
+               }
+
+               XftDrawStringUtf8(xw.draw, fg, frc[frp].font,
+                               xp, winy + frc[frp].font->ascent,
+                               (FcChar8 *)u8c, u8cblen);
+
+               xp += font->width;
+       }
+
+       /*
+       XftDrawStringUtf8(xw.draw, fg, font->set, winx,
                        winy + font->ascent, (FcChar8 *)s, bytelen);
+       */
 
        if(base.mode & ATTR_UNDERLINE) {
-               XftDrawRect(xw.xft_draw, fg, winx, winy + font->ascent + 1,
+               XftDrawRect(xw.draw, fg, winx, winy + font->ascent + 1,
                                width, 1);
        }
 }
@@ -2346,7 +2841,7 @@ void
 xdrawcursor(void) {
        static int oldx = 0, oldy = 0;
        int sl;
-       Glyph g = {{' '}, ATTR_NULL, DefaultBG, DefaultCS, 0};
+       Glyph g = {{' '}, ATTR_NULL, defaultbg, defaultcs, 0};
 
        LIMIT(oldx, 0, term.col-1);
        LIMIT(oldy, 0, term.row-1);
@@ -2364,12 +2859,12 @@ xdrawcursor(void) {
        }
 
        /* draw the new one */
-       if(!(term.c.state & CURSOR_HIDE)) {
+       if(!(IS_SET(MODE_HIDE))) {
                if(!(xw.state & WIN_FOCUSED))
-                       g.bg = DefaultUCS;
+                       g.bg = defaultucs;
 
                if(IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE))
-                       g.mode |= ATTR_REVERSE, g.fg = DefaultCS, g.bg = DefaultFG;
+                       g.mode |= ATTR_REVERSE, g.fg = defaultcs, g.bg = defaultfg;
 
                sl = utf8size(g.c);
                xdraws(g.c, g, term.c.x, term.c.y, 1, sl);
@@ -2383,13 +2878,16 @@ xresettitle(void) {
 }
 
 void
-redraw(void) {
-       struct timespec tv = {0, REDRAW_TIMEOUT * 1000};
+redraw(int timeout) {
+       struct timespec tv = {0, timeout * 1000};
 
        tfulldirt();
        draw();
-       XSync(xw.dpy, False); /* necessary for a good tput flash */
-       nanosleep(&tv, NULL);
+
+       if(timeout > 0) {
+               nanosleep(&tv, NULL);
+               XSync(xw.dpy, False); /* necessary for a good tput flash */
+       }
 }
 
 void
@@ -2397,7 +2895,13 @@ draw(void) {
        XdbeSwapInfo swpinfo[1] = {{xw.win, XdbeCopied}};
 
        drawregion(0, 0, term.col, term.row);
-       XdbeSwapBuffers(xw.dpy, swpinfo, 1);
+       if(usedbe) {
+               XdbeSwapBuffers(xw.dpy, swpinfo, 1);
+       } else {
+               XCopyArea(xw.dpy, xw.buf, xw.win, dc.gc, 0, 0, xw.w,
+                               xw.h, 0, 0);
+               XSetForeground(xw.dpy, dc.gc, dc.col[IS_SET(MODE_REVERSE) ? defaultfg : defaultbg].pixel);
+       }
 }
 
 void
@@ -2405,10 +2909,11 @@ drawregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
        int ic, ib, x, y, ox, sl;
        Glyph base, new;
        char buf[DRAW_BUF_SIZ];
-       bool ena_sel = sel.bx != -1, alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
+       bool ena_sel = sel.bx != -1;
 
-       if((sel.alt && !alt) || (!sel.alt && alt))
+       if(sel.alt ^ IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
                ena_sel = 0;
+
        if(!(xw.state & WIN_VISIBLE))
                return;
 
@@ -2435,6 +2940,7 @@ drawregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
                                        ox = x;
                                        base = new;
                                }
+
                                sl = utf8size(new.c);
                                memcpy(buf+ib, new.c, sl);
                                ib += sl;
@@ -2455,6 +2961,7 @@ expose(XEvent *ev) {
                if(!e->count)
                        xw.state &= ~WIN_REDRAW;
        }
+       redraw(0);
 }
 
 void
@@ -2485,28 +2992,87 @@ xseturgency(int add) {
 
 void
 focus(XEvent *ev) {
+       XFocusChangeEvent *e = &ev->xfocus;
+
+       if(e->mode == NotifyGrab)
+               return;
+
        if(ev->type == FocusIn) {
+               XSetICFocus(xw.xic);
                xw.state |= WIN_FOCUSED;
                xseturgency(0);
        } else {
+               XUnsetICFocus(xw.xic);
                xw.state &= ~WIN_FOCUSED;
        }
 }
 
+inline bool
+match(uint mask, uint state) {
+       state &= ~(ignoremod);
+
+       if(mask == XK_NO_MOD && state)
+               return false;
+       if(mask != XK_ANY_MOD && mask != XK_NO_MOD && !state)
+               return false;
+       if((state & mask) != state)
+               return false;
+       return true;
+}
+
+void
+numlock(const Arg *dummy) {
+       term.numlock ^= 1;
+}
+
 char*
 kmap(KeySym k, uint state) {
-       int i;
        uint mask;
+       Key *kp;
+       int i;
 
-       state &= ~Mod2Mask;
-       for(i = 0; i < LEN(key); i++) {
-               mask = key[i].mask;
+       /* Check for mapped keys out of X11 function keys. */
+       for(i = 0; i < LEN(mappedkeys); i++) {
+               if(mappedkeys[i] == k)
+                       break;
+       }
+       if(i == LEN(mappedkeys)) {
+               if((k & 0xFFFF) < 0xFD00)
+                       return NULL;
+       }
 
-               if(key[i].k == k && ((state & mask) == mask
-                               || (mask == XK_NO_MOD && !state))) {
-                       return (char*)key[i].s;
+       for(kp = key; kp < key + LEN(key); kp++) {
+               mask = kp->mask;
+
+               if(kp->k != k)
+                       continue;
+
+               if(!match(mask, state))
+                       continue;
+
+               if(kp->appkey > 0) {
+                       if(!IS_SET(MODE_APPKEYPAD))
+                               continue;
+                       if(term.numlock && kp->appkey == 2)
+                               continue;
+               } else if(kp->appkey < 0 && IS_SET(MODE_APPKEYPAD)) {
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               if((kp->appcursor < 0 && IS_SET(MODE_APPCURSOR)) ||
+                               (kp->appcursor > 0
+                                && !IS_SET(MODE_APPCURSOR))) {
+                       continue;
                }
+
+               if((kp->crlf < 0 && IS_SET(MODE_CRLF)) ||
+                               (kp->crlf > 0 && !IS_SET(MODE_CRLF))) {
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               return kp->s;
        }
+
        return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -2514,63 +3080,52 @@ void
 kpress(XEvent *ev) {
        XKeyEvent *e = &ev->xkey;
        KeySym ksym;
-       char buf[32];
-       char *customkey;
+       char xstr[31], buf[32], *customkey, *cp = buf;
        int len;
-       int meta;
-       int shift;
        Status status;
+       Shortcut *bp;
 
        if (IS_SET(MODE_KBDLOCK))
                return;
 
-       meta = e->state & Mod1Mask;
-       shift = e->state & ShiftMask;
-       len = XmbLookupString(xw.xic, e, buf, sizeof(buf), &ksym, &status);
+       len = XmbLookupString(xw.xic, e, xstr, sizeof(xstr), &ksym, &status);
+       e->state &= ~Mod2Mask;
+       /* 1. shortcuts */
+       for(bp = shortcuts; bp < shortcuts + LEN(shortcuts); bp++) {
+               if(ksym == bp->keysym && match(bp->mod, e->state)) {
+                       bp->func(&(bp->arg));
+                       return;
+               }
+       }
 
-       /* 1. custom keys from config.h */
+       /* 2. custom keys from config.h */
        if((customkey = kmap(ksym, e->state))) {
-               ttywrite(customkey, strlen(customkey));
+               len = strlen(customkey);
+               memcpy(buf, customkey, len);
        /* 2. hardcoded (overrides X lookup) */
        } else {
-               switch(ksym) {
-               case XK_Up:
-               case XK_Down:
-               case XK_Left:
-               case XK_Right:
-                       /* XXX: shift up/down doesn't work */
-                       sprintf(buf, "\033%c%c",
-                               IS_SET(MODE_APPKEYPAD) ? 'O' : '[',
-                               (shift ? "dacb":"DACB")[ksym - XK_Left]);
-                       ttywrite(buf, 3);
-                       break;
-               case XK_Insert:
-                       if(shift)
-                               selpaste();
-                       break;
-               case XK_Return:
-                       if(IS_SET(MODE_CRLF)) {
-                               ttywrite("\r\n", 2);
-                       } else {
-                               ttywrite("\r", 1);
-                       }
-                       break;
-                       /* 3. X lookup  */
-               default:
-                       if(len > 0) {
-                               if(meta && len == 1)
-                                       ttywrite("\033", 1);
-                               ttywrite(buf, len);
-                       }
-                       break;
-               }
+               if(len == 0)
+                       return;
+
+               if (len == 1 && e->state & Mod1Mask)
+                       *cp++ = '\033';
+
+               memcpy(cp, xstr, len);
+               len = cp - buf + len;
        }
+
+       ttywrite(buf, len);
+       if(IS_SET(MODE_ECHO))
+               techo(buf, len);
 }
 
+
 void
 cmessage(XEvent *e) {
-       /* See xembed specs
-          http://standards.freedesktop.org/xembed-spec/xembed-spec-latest.html */
+       /*
+        * See xembed specs
+        *  http://standards.freedesktop.org/xembed-spec/xembed-spec-latest.html
+        */
        if(e->xclient.message_type == xw.xembed && e->xclient.format == 32) {
                if(e->xclient.data.l[1] == XEMBED_FOCUS_IN) {
                        xw.state |= WIN_FOCUSED;
@@ -2586,18 +3141,16 @@ cmessage(XEvent *e) {
 }
 
 void
-resize(XEvent *e) {
+cresize(int width, int height) {
        int col, row;
 
-       if(e->xconfigure.width == xw.w && e->xconfigure.height == xw.h)
-               return;
+       if(width != 0)
+               xw.w = width;
+       if(height != 0)
+               xw.h = height;
 
-       xw.w = e->xconfigure.width;
-       xw.h = e->xconfigure.height;
-       col = (xw.w - 2*BORDER) / xw.cw;
-       row = (xw.h - 2*BORDER) / xw.ch;
-       if(col == term.col && row == term.row)
-               return;
+       col = (xw.w - 2 * borderpx) / xw.cw;
+       row = (xw.h - 2 * borderpx) / xw.ch;
 
        tresize(col, row);
        xresize(col, row);
@@ -2605,13 +3158,23 @@ resize(XEvent *e) {
 }
 
 void
+resize(XEvent *e) {
+       if(e->xconfigure.width == xw.w && e->xconfigure.height == xw.h)
+               return;
+
+       cresize(e->xconfigure.width, e->xconfigure.height);
+}
+
+void
 run(void) {
        XEvent ev;
        fd_set rfd;
-       int xfd = XConnectionNumber(xw.dpy), i;
-       struct timeval drawtimeout, *tv = NULL;
+       int xfd = XConnectionNumber(xw.dpy), xev;
+       struct timeval drawtimeout, *tv = NULL, now, last;
 
-       for(i = 0;; i++) {
+       gettimeofday(&last, NULL);
+
+       for(xev = actionfps;;) {
                FD_ZERO(&rfd);
                FD_SET(cmdfd, &rfd);
                FD_SET(xfd, &rfd);
@@ -2621,35 +3184,36 @@ run(void) {
                        die("select failed: %s\n", SERRNO);
                }
 
-               /*
-                * Stop after a certain number of reads so the user does not
-                * feel like the system is stuttering.
-                */
-               if(i < 1000 && FD_ISSET(cmdfd, &rfd)) {
+               gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+               drawtimeout.tv_sec = 0;
+               drawtimeout.tv_usec = (1000/xfps) * 1000;
+               tv = &drawtimeout;
+
+               if(FD_ISSET(cmdfd, &rfd))
                        ttyread();
 
-                       /*
-                        * Just wait a bit so it isn't disturbing the
-                        * user and the system is able to write something.
-                        */
-                       drawtimeout.tv_sec = 0;
-                       drawtimeout.tv_usec = 5;
-                       tv = &drawtimeout;
-                       continue;
-               }
-               i = 0;
-               tv = NULL;
+               if(FD_ISSET(xfd, &rfd))
+                       xev = actionfps;
 
-               while(XPending(xw.dpy)) {
-                       XNextEvent(xw.dpy, &ev);
-                       if(XFilterEvent(&ev, xw.win))
-                               continue;
-                       if(handler[ev.type])
-                               (handler[ev.type])(&ev);
-               }
+               if(TIMEDIFF(now, last) > \
+                               (xev ? (1000/xfps) : (1000/actionfps))) {
+                       while(XPending(xw.dpy)) {
+                               XNextEvent(xw.dpy, &ev);
+                               if(XFilterEvent(&ev, None))
+                                       continue;
+                               if(handler[ev.type])
+                                       (handler[ev.type])(&ev);
+                       }
+
+                       draw();
+                       XFlush(xw.dpy);
+                       last = now;
 
-               draw();
-               XFlush(xw.dpy);
+                       if(xev && !FD_ISSET(xfd, &rfd))
+                               xev--;
+                       if(!FD_ISSET(cmdfd, &rfd) && !FD_ISSET(xfd, &rfd))
+                               tv = NULL;
+               }
        }
 }
 
@@ -2668,7 +3232,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                opt_class = argv[i];
                        break;
                case 'e':
-                       /* eat every remaining arguments */
+                       /* eat all remaining arguments */
                        if(++i < argc)
                                opt_cmd = &argv[i];
                        goto run;
@@ -2717,11 +3281,13 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
 run:
        setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
+       XSetLocaleModifiers("");
        tnew(80, 24);
-       ttynew();
        xinit();
+       ttynew();
        selinit();
        run();
+
        return 0;
 }