1 /* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
3 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
4 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
5 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
6 * events about window (dis-)appearance. Only one X connection at a time is
7 * allowed to select for this event mask.
9 * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking. Due reading
10 * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
11 * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
12 * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
13 * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
14 * event dispatching in O(1) time.
16 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
17 * set the override_redirect flag. Clients are organized in a global
18 * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
19 * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
20 * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client. For each client dwm
21 * creates a small title window, which is resized whenever the (_NET_)WM_NAME
22 * properties are updated or the client is moved/resized.
24 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
26 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
35 #include <sys/select.h>
36 #include <sys/types.h>
39 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
40 #include <X11/keysym.h>
41 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
43 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
44 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
47 #define BUTTONMASK (ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask)
48 #define CLEANMASK(mask) (mask & ~(numlockmask | LockMask))
49 #define MOUSEMASK (BUTTONMASK | PointerMotionMask)
52 enum { BarTop, BarBot, BarOff }; /* bar position */
53 enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast }; /* cursor */
54 enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast }; /* color */
55 enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast }; /* EWMH atoms */
56 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
59 typedef struct Client Client;
63 int rx, ry, rw, rh; /* revert geometry */
64 int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
65 int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
67 unsigned int border, oldborder;
68 Bool isbanned, isfixed, ismax, isfloating, wasfloating;
78 unsigned long norm[ColLast];
79 unsigned long sel[ColLast];
89 } DC; /* draw context */
94 void (*func)(const char *arg);
100 void (*arrange)(void);
114 /* function declarations */
115 void applyrules(Client *c);
117 void attach(Client *c);
118 void attachstack(Client *c);
120 void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
121 void checkotherwm(void);
123 void compileregs(void);
124 void configure(Client *c);
125 void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
126 void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
127 void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
128 void detach(Client *c);
129 void detachstack(Client *c);
131 void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
132 void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
133 void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
134 void enternotify(XEvent *e);
135 void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
136 void expose(XEvent *e);
137 void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
138 void focus(Client *c);
139 void focusnext(const char *arg);
140 void focusprev(const char *arg);
141 Client *getclient(Window w);
142 unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
143 long getstate(Window w);
144 Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
145 void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
146 unsigned int idxoftag(const char *tag);
147 void initfont(const char *fontstr);
148 Bool isarrange(void (*func)());
149 Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
150 Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
151 Bool isvisible(Client *c);
152 void keypress(XEvent *e);
153 void killclient(const char *arg);
154 void leavenotify(XEvent *e);
155 void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
156 void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
157 void maprequest(XEvent *e);
158 void movemouse(Client *c);
159 Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
160 void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
161 void quit(const char *arg);
162 void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
163 void resizemouse(Client *c);
167 void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
168 void setlayout(const char *arg);
169 void setmwfact(const char *arg);
171 void spawn(const char *arg);
172 void tag(const char *arg);
173 unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
174 unsigned int textw(const char *text);
176 void togglebar(const char *arg);
177 void togglefloating(const char *arg);
178 void togglemax(const char *arg);
179 void toggletag(const char *arg);
180 void toggleview(const char *arg);
181 void unban(Client *c);
182 void unmanage(Client *c);
183 void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
184 void updatebarpos(void);
185 void updatesizehints(Client *c);
186 void updatetitle(Client *c);
187 void view(const char *arg);
188 void viewprevtag(const char *arg); /* views previous selected tags */
189 int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
190 int xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
191 int xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
192 void zoom(const char *arg);
197 int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh, wax, way, waw, wah;
198 int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
199 unsigned int bh, bpos;
200 unsigned int blw = 0;
201 unsigned int ltidx = 0; /* default */
202 unsigned int nlayouts = 0;
203 unsigned int nrules = 0;
204 unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
205 void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
206 [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
207 [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
208 [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
209 [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
210 [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
211 [LeaveNotify] = leavenotify,
213 [KeyPress] = keypress,
214 [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
215 [MapRequest] = maprequest,
216 [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
217 [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
219 Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
220 Bool otherwm, readin;
222 Bool selscreen = True;
223 Client *clients = NULL;
225 Client *stack = NULL;
226 Cursor cursor[CurLast];
232 /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
235 /* statically define the number of tags. */
236 unsigned int ntags = sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0];
237 Bool seltags[sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0]] = {[0] = True};
238 Bool prevtags[sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0]] = {[0] = True};
240 /* function implementations */
242 applyrules(Client *c) {
243 static char buf[512];
246 Bool matched = False;
247 XClassHint ch = { 0 };
250 XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
251 snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s:%s:%s",
252 ch.res_class ? ch.res_class : "",
253 ch.res_name ? ch.res_name : "", c->name);
254 for(i = 0; i < nrules; i++)
255 if(regs[i].propregex && !regexec(regs[i].propregex, buf, 1, &tmp, 0)) {
256 c->isfloating = rules[i].isfloating;
257 for(j = 0; regs[i].tagregex && j < ntags; j++) {
258 if(!regexec(regs[i].tagregex, tags[j], 1, &tmp, 0)) {
269 memcpy(c->tags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
276 for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
281 layouts[ltidx].arrange();
295 attachstack(Client *c) {
304 XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
309 buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
312 XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
314 if(barwin == ev->window) {
316 for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++) {
319 if(ev->button == Button1) {
320 if(ev->state & MODKEY)
325 else if(ev->button == Button3) {
326 if(ev->state & MODKEY)
334 if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1)
337 else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
339 if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
341 if(ev->button == Button1) {
342 if(isarrange(floating) || c->isfloating)
345 togglefloating(NULL);
348 else if(ev->button == Button2) {
349 if(ISTILE && !c->isfixed && c->isfloating)
350 togglefloating(NULL);
354 else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
355 if(isarrange(floating) || c->isfloating)
358 togglefloating(NULL);
367 XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
369 /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
370 XSelectInput(dpy, root, SubstructureRedirectMask);
373 eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
375 XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
376 xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
388 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
390 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
391 XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
392 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
394 XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
395 XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
396 XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
397 XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
398 XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
409 nrules = sizeof rules / sizeof rules[0];
410 regs = emallocz(nrules * sizeof(Regs));
411 for(i = 0; i < nrules; i++) {
413 reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
414 if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].prop, REG_EXTENDED))
417 regs[i].propregex = reg;
420 reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
421 if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].tags, REG_EXTENDED))
424 regs[i].tagregex = reg;
430 configure(Client *c) {
433 ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
441 ce.border_width = c->border;
443 ce.override_redirect = False;
444 XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
448 configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
449 XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
451 if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
454 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
455 dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
456 XResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, sw, bh);
463 configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
465 XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
468 if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
470 if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
471 c->border = ev->border_width;
472 if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || isarrange(floating)) {
473 if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
475 if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
477 if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
479 if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
481 if((c->x + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
482 c->x = sw / 2 - c->w / 2; /* center in x direction */
483 if((c->y + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
484 c->y = sh / 2 - c->h / 2; /* center in y direction */
485 if((ev->value_mask & (CWX | CWY))
486 && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth | CWHeight)))
489 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
497 wc.width = ev->width;
498 wc.height = ev->height;
499 wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
500 wc.sibling = ev->above;
501 wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
502 XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
508 destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
510 XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
512 if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
519 c->prev->next = c->next;
521 c->next->prev = c->prev;
524 c->next = c->prev = NULL;
528 detachstack(Client *c) {
531 for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
540 for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++) {
541 dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
543 drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel);
544 drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.sel);
547 drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm);
548 drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.norm);
553 drawtext(layouts[ltidx].symbol, dc.norm);
561 drawtext(stext, dc.norm);
562 if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
565 drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel);
566 drawsquare(sel->ismax, sel->isfloating, dc.sel);
569 drawtext(NULL, dc.norm);
571 XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, sw, bh, 0, 0);
576 drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
579 XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
581 gcv.foreground = col[ColFG];
582 XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
583 x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
587 r.width = r.height = x + 1;
588 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
591 r.width = r.height = x;
592 XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
597 drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
599 static char buf[256];
600 unsigned int len, olen;
601 XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
603 XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColBG]);
604 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
608 olen = len = strlen(text);
609 if(len >= sizeof buf)
610 len = sizeof buf - 1;
611 memcpy(buf, text, len);
613 h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
614 y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
616 /* shorten text if necessary */
617 while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
628 return; /* too long */
629 XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColFG]);
631 XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
633 XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
637 emallocz(unsigned int size) {
638 void *res = calloc(1, size);
641 eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
646 enternotify(XEvent *e) {
648 XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
650 if(ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior)
652 if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
654 else if(ev->window == root) {
661 eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
664 va_start(ap, errstr);
665 vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
672 XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
675 if(barwin == ev->window)
681 floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
684 for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
686 resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
691 if((!c && selscreen) || (c && !isvisible(c)))
692 for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
693 if(sel && sel != c) {
694 grabbuttons(sel, False);
695 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
700 grabbuttons(c, True);
707 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
708 XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
711 XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
715 focusnext(const char *arg) {
720 for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
722 for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
730 focusprev(const char *arg) {
735 for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
737 for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
738 for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
747 getclient(Window w) {
750 for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
755 getcolor(const char *colstr) {
756 Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
759 if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
760 eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
768 unsigned char *p = NULL;
769 unsigned long n, extra;
772 status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
773 &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
774 if(status != Success)
783 gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
788 if(!text || size == 0)
791 XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
794 if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
795 strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
797 if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
800 strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
801 XFreeStringList(list);
804 text[size - 1] = '\0';
810 grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
811 XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
814 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
815 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
816 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
817 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
818 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
819 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
820 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
821 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
823 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
824 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
825 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
826 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
827 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
828 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
829 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
830 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
832 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
833 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
834 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
835 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
836 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
837 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
838 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
839 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
842 XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
843 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
847 idxoftag(const char *tag) {
850 for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
857 initfont(const char *fontstr) {
858 char *def, **missing;
863 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
864 dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
867 fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
868 XFreeStringList(missing);
871 XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
872 XFontStruct **xfonts;
874 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
875 font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
876 n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
877 for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
878 if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
879 dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
880 if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
881 dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
887 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
888 dc.font.xfont = NULL;
889 if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
890 && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
891 eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
892 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
893 dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
895 dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
899 isarrange(void (*func)())
901 return func == layouts[ltidx].arrange;
905 isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
908 for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
915 isprotodel(Client *c) {
920 if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
921 for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
922 if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
930 isvisible(Client *c) {
933 for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
934 if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
940 keypress(XEvent *e) {
942 unsigned int len = sizeof keys / sizeof keys[0];
948 if(!e) { /* grabkeys */
949 XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
950 for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
951 code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
952 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
953 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
954 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | LockMask, root, True,
955 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
956 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask, root, True,
957 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
958 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask | LockMask, root, True,
959 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
964 keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
965 for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
966 if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
967 && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
970 keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
975 killclient(const char *arg) {
980 if(isprotodel(sel)) {
981 ev.type = ClientMessage;
982 ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
983 ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
984 ev.xclient.format = 32;
985 ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
986 ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
987 XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
990 XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
994 leavenotify(XEvent *e) {
995 XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
997 if((ev->window == root) && !ev->same_screen) {
1004 manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
1005 Client *c, *t = NULL;
1010 c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
1011 c->tags = emallocz(sizeof seltags);
1017 c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
1018 if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1021 c->border = wa->border_width;
1024 if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wax + waw)
1025 c->x = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1026 if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > way + wah)
1027 c->y = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1032 c->border = BORDERPX;
1034 wc.border_width = c->border;
1035 XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1036 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1037 configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1039 XSelectInput(dpy, w,
1040 StructureNotifyMask | PropertyChangeMask | EnterWindowMask);
1041 grabbuttons(c, False);
1043 if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1044 for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1046 memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, sizeof seltags);
1049 c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1052 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1054 XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1055 setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1060 mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1061 XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1063 XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1064 if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1069 maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1070 static XWindowAttributes wa;
1071 XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1073 if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1075 if(wa.override_redirect)
1077 if(!getclient(ev->window))
1078 manage(ev->window, &wa);
1082 movemouse(Client *c) {
1083 int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1090 if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1091 None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1094 XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1096 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1099 XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1101 case ConfigureRequest:
1104 handler[ev.type](&ev);
1108 nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1109 ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1110 if(abs(wax + nx) < SNAP)
1112 else if(abs((wax + waw) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1113 nx = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1114 if(abs(way - ny) < SNAP)
1116 else if(abs((way + wah) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1117 ny = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1118 resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1125 nexttiled(Client *c) {
1126 for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1131 propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1134 XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1136 if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1137 return; /* ignore */
1138 if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1141 case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1142 XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1143 if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1146 case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1150 if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1159 quit(const char *arg) {
1160 readin = running = False;
1164 resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1168 /* set minimum possible */
1174 /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1178 /* adjust for aspect limits */
1179 if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1180 if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1181 w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1182 else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1183 h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1186 /* adjust for increment value */
1192 /* restore base dimensions */
1196 if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1198 if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1200 if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1202 if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1205 if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1207 /* offscreen appearance fixes */
1209 x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1211 y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1212 if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1214 if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1216 if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1219 c->w = wc.width = w;
1220 c->h = wc.height = h;
1221 wc.border_width = c->border;
1222 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX | CWY | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1229 resizemouse(Client *c) {
1236 if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1237 None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1240 XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1242 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1245 XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1246 c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1247 XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1248 while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1250 case ConfigureRequest:
1253 handler[ev.type](&ev);
1257 if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1259 if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1261 resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1276 if(sel->isfloating || isarrange(floating))
1277 XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1278 if(!isarrange(floating)) {
1279 wc.stack_mode = Below;
1280 wc.sibling = barwin;
1281 if(!sel->isfloating) {
1282 XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
1283 wc.sibling = sel->win;
1285 for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1288 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
1289 wc.sibling = c->win;
1293 while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1303 /* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1305 xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1310 FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1312 if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1315 eprint("select failed\n");
1317 if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1318 switch(r = read(STDIN_FILENO, stext, sizeof stext - 1)) {
1320 strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), sizeof stext - 1);
1321 stext[sizeof stext - 1] = '\0';
1325 strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1329 for(stext[r] = '\0', p = stext + strlen(stext) - 1; p >= stext && *p == '\n'; *p-- = '\0');
1330 for(; p >= stext && *p != '\n'; --p);
1332 strncpy(stext, p + 1, sizeof stext);
1336 while(XPending(dpy)) {
1337 XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1338 if(handler[ev.type])
1339 (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1346 unsigned int i, num;
1347 Window *wins, d1, d2;
1348 XWindowAttributes wa;
1351 if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1352 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1353 if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1354 || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1356 if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1357 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1359 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1360 if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1362 if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1363 && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1364 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1372 setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1373 long data[] = {state, None};
1375 XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1376 PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1380 setlayout(const char *arg) {
1384 if(++ltidx == nlayouts)
1388 for(i = 0; i < nlayouts; i++)
1389 if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1402 setmwfact(const char *arg) {
1407 /* arg handling, manipulate mwfact */
1410 else if(1 == sscanf(arg, "%lf", &delta)) {
1411 if(arg[0] == '+' || arg[0] == '-')
1417 else if(mwfact > 0.9)
1426 unsigned int i, j, mask;
1428 XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1429 XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1432 wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1433 wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1434 wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1435 wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1436 netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1437 netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1438 XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1439 PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1442 cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1443 cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1444 cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1448 sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1449 sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1451 /* init modifier map */
1452 modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1453 for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1454 for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
1455 if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1456 == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1457 numlockmask = (1 << i);
1459 XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1461 /* select for events */
1462 wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask | SubstructureNotifyMask
1463 | EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask | StructureNotifyMask;
1464 wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1465 XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask | CWCursor, &wa);
1466 XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1474 /* init appearance */
1475 dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1476 dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1477 dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1478 dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1479 dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1480 dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1482 dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1486 nlayouts = sizeof layouts / sizeof layouts[0];
1487 for(blw = i = 0; i < nlayouts; i++) {
1488 j = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1495 wa.override_redirect = 1;
1496 wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1497 wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask | ExposureMask;
1498 barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, sx, sy, sw, bh, 0,
1499 DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1500 CWOverrideRedirect | CWBackPixmap | CWEventMask, &wa);
1501 XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1503 XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1504 strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1505 dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1506 dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1507 XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1509 XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1511 /* multihead support */
1512 selscreen = XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &w, &w, &d, &d, &d, &d, &mask);
1516 spawn(const char *arg) {
1517 static char *shell = NULL;
1519 if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1523 /* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1524 * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1528 close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1530 execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1531 fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1540 tag(const char *arg) {
1545 for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
1546 sel->tags[i] = arg == NULL;
1548 if(i >= 0 && i < ntags)
1549 sel->tags[i] = True;
1554 textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1558 XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1561 return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1565 textw(const char *text) {
1566 return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1571 unsigned int i, n, nx, ny, nw, nh, mw, th;
1574 for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1578 mw = (n == 1) ? waw : mwfact * waw;
1579 th = (n > 1) ? wah / (n - 1) : 0;
1580 if(n > 1 && th < bh)
1585 nw = 0; /* gcc stupidity requires this */
1586 for(i = 0, c = mc = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1588 if(i == 0) { /* master */
1589 nw = mw - 2 * c->border;
1590 nh = wah - 2 * c->border;
1592 else { /* tile window */
1595 nx += mc->w + 2 * mc->border;
1596 nw = waw - nx - 2 * c->border;
1598 if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1599 nh = (way + wah) - ny - 2 * c->border;
1601 nh = th - 2 * c->border;
1603 resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, RESIZEHINTS);
1604 if(n > 1 && th != wah)
1605 ny = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1610 togglebar(const char *arg) {
1612 bpos = (BARPOS == BarOff) ? BarTop : BARPOS;
1620 togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1623 sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1625 resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1630 togglemax(const char *arg) {
1633 if(!sel || sel->isfixed)
1635 if((sel->ismax = !sel->ismax)) {
1636 if(isarrange(floating) || sel->isfloating)
1637 sel->wasfloating = True;
1639 togglefloating(NULL);
1640 sel->wasfloating = False;
1646 resize(sel, wax, way, waw - 2 * sel->border, wah - 2 * sel->border, True);
1649 resize(sel, sel->rx, sel->ry, sel->rw, sel->rh, True);
1650 if(!sel->wasfloating)
1651 togglefloating(NULL);
1654 while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1658 toggletag(const char *arg) {
1664 sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1665 for(j = 0; j < ntags && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1667 sel->tags[i] = True;
1672 toggleview(const char *arg) {
1676 seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1677 for(j = 0; j < ntags && !seltags[j]; j++);
1679 seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1687 XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1688 c->isbanned = False;
1692 unmanage(Client *c) {
1695 wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1696 /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1698 XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1699 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1704 XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1705 setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1709 XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1715 unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1717 XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1719 if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1724 updatebarpos(void) {
1735 XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy);
1739 XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy + wah);
1742 XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy - bh);
1746 while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1750 updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1754 if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1756 c->flags = size.flags;
1757 if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1758 c->basew = size.base_width;
1759 c->baseh = size.base_height;
1761 else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1762 c->basew = size.min_width;
1763 c->baseh = size.min_height;
1766 c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1767 if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1768 c->incw = size.width_inc;
1769 c->inch = size.height_inc;
1772 c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1773 if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1774 c->maxw = size.max_width;
1775 c->maxh = size.max_height;
1778 c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1779 if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1780 c->minw = size.min_width;
1781 c->minh = size.min_height;
1783 else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1784 c->minw = size.base_width;
1785 c->minh = size.base_height;
1788 c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1789 if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1790 c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1791 c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1792 c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1793 c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1796 c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1797 c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1798 && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1802 updatetitle(Client *c) {
1803 if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1804 gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1807 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1808 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's). Other types of errors call Xlibs
1809 * default error handler, which may call exit. */
1811 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1812 if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1813 || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1814 || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1815 || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1816 || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1817 || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1818 || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1819 || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1821 fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1822 ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1823 return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1827 xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1831 /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1832 * is already running. */
1834 xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1840 view(const char *arg) {
1843 memcpy(prevtags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
1844 for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
1845 seltags[i] = arg == NULL;
1847 if(i >= 0 && i < ntags)
1853 viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1854 static Bool tmptags[sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0]];
1856 memcpy(tmptags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
1857 memcpy(seltags, prevtags, sizeof seltags);
1858 memcpy(prevtags, tmptags, sizeof seltags);
1863 zoom(const char *arg) {
1866 if(!sel || !ISTILE || sel->isfloating)
1868 if((c = sel) == nexttiled(clients))
1869 if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1878 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1879 if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1880 eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2007 A. R. Garbe, S. van Dijk, J. Salmi, P. Hruby, S. Nagy\n");
1882 eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1884 setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1885 if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1886 eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1887 screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1888 root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);