dwm.c

   1 /* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
   2  *
   3  * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
   4  * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
   5  * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
   6  * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
   7  * allowed to select for this event mask.
   8  *
   9  * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
  10  * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
  11  * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
  12  * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
  13  * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
  14  * event dispatching in O(1) time.
  15  *
  16  * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
  17  * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
  18  * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
  19  * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
  20  * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.  For each client dwm
  21  * creates a small title window, which is resized whenever the (_NET_)WM_NAME
  22  * properties are updated or the client is moved/resized.
  23  *
  24  * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
  25  *
  26  * To understand everything else, start reading main().
  27  */
  28 #include "dwm.h"
  29
  30 #include <errno.h>
  31 #include <locale.h>
  32 #include <stdarg.h>
  33 #include <stdio.h>
  34 #include <stdlib.h>
  35 #include <string.h>
  36 #include <unistd.h>
  37 #include <sys/select.h>
  38 #include <sys/types.h>
  39 #include <sys/wait.h>
  40 #include <regex.h>
  41 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
  42 #include <X11/keysym.h>
  43 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
  44 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
  45 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
  46
  47 /* macros */
  48 #define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask | ButtonReleaseMask)
  49 #define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask | LockMask))
  50 #define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK | PointerMotionMask)
  51
  52 /* enums */
  53 enum { BarTop, BarBot, BarOff };                        /* bar position */
  54 enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
  55 enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
  56 enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
  57 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
  58
  59 /* typedefs */
  60 typedef struct {
  61         int x, y, w, h;
  62         unsigned long norm[ColLast];
  63         unsigned long sel[ColLast];
  64         Drawable drawable;
  65         GC gc;
  66         struct {
  67                 int ascent;
  68                 int descent;
  69                 int height;
  70                 XFontSet set;
  71                 XFontStruct *xfont;
  72         } font;
  73 } DC; /* draw context */
  74
  75 typedef struct {
  76         unsigned long mod;
  77         KeySym keysym;
  78         void (*func)(const char *arg);
  79         const char *arg;
  80 } Key;
  81
  82 typedef struct {
  83         const char *symbol;
  84         void (*arrange)(void);
  85 } Layout;
  86
  87 typedef struct {
  88         const char *prop;
  89         const char *tags;
  90         Bool isfloating;
  91 } Rule;
  92
  93 typedef struct {
  94         regex_t *propregex;
  95         regex_t *tagregex;
  96 } Regs;
  97
  98 /* forward declarations */
  99 void applyrules(Client *c);
 100 void arrange(void);
 101 void attach(Client *c);
 102 void attachstack(Client *c);
 103 void ban(Client *c);
 104 void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
 105 void checkotherwm(void);
 106 void cleanup(void);
 107 void compileregs(void);
 108 void configure(Client *c);
 109 void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
 110 void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
 111 void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
 112 void detach(Client *c);
 113 void detachstack(Client *c);
 114 void drawbar(void);
 115 void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 116 void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
 117 void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
 118 void enternotify(XEvent *e);
 119 void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
 120 void expose(XEvent *e);
 121 void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
 122 void focus(Client *c);
 123 void focusnext(const char *arg);
 124 void focusprev(const char *arg);
 125 Client *getclient(Window w);
 126 unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
 127 long getstate(Window w);
 128 Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
 129 void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
 130 unsigned int idxoftag(const char *tag);
 131 void initfont(const char *fontstr);
 132 Bool isarrange(void (*func)());
 133 Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
 134 Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
 135 Bool isvisible(Client *c);
 136 void keypress(XEvent *e);
 137 void killclient(const char *arg);
 138 void leavenotify(XEvent *e);
 139 void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
 140 void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
 141 void maprequest(XEvent *e);
 142 void movemouse(Client *c);
 143 Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
 144 void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
 145 void quit(const char *arg);
 146 void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
 147 void resizemouse(Client *c);
 148 void restack(void);
 149 void run(void);
 150 void scan(void);
 151 void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
 152 void setlayout(const char *arg);
 153 void setmwfact(const char *arg);
 154 void setup(void);
 155 void spawn(const char *arg);
 156 void tag(const char *arg);
 157 unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
 158 unsigned int textw(const char *text);
 159 void tile(void);
 160 void togglebar(const char *arg);
 161 void togglefloating(const char *arg);
 162 void togglemax(const char *arg);
 163 void toggletag(const char *arg);
 164 void toggleview(const char *arg);
 165 void unban(Client *c);
 166 void unmanage(Client *c);
 167 void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
 168 void updatebarpos(void);
 169 void updatesizehints(Client *c);
 170 void updatetitle(Client *c);
 171 void view(const char *arg);
 172 void viewprevtag(const char *arg);      /* views previous selected tags */
 173 int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
 174 int xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
 175 int xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee);
 176 void zoom(const char *arg);
 177
 178 /* variables */
 179 char stext[256];
 180 double mwfact;
 181 int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh, wax, way, waw, wah;
 182 int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
 183 unsigned int bh, bpos;
 184 unsigned int blw = 0;
 185 unsigned int ltidx = 0; /* default */
 186 unsigned int nlayouts = 0;
 187 unsigned int nrules = 0;
 188 unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
 189 void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
 190         [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
 191         [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
 192         [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
 193         [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
 194         [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
 195         [LeaveNotify] = leavenotify,
 196         [Expose] = expose,
 197         [KeyPress] = keypress,
 198         [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
 199         [MapRequest] = maprequest,
 200         [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
 201         [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
 202 };
 203 Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
 204 Bool otherwm, readin;
 205 Bool running = True;
 206 Bool selscreen = True;
 207 Client *clients = NULL;
 208 Client *sel = NULL;
 209 Client *stack = NULL;
 210 Cursor cursor[CurLast];
 211 Display *dpy;
 212 DC dc = {0};
 213 Window barwin, root;
 214 Regs *regs = NULL;
 215
 216 /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
 217 #include "config.h"
 218
 219 /* Statically define the number of tags. */
 220 unsigned int ntags = sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0];
 221 Bool seltags[sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0]] = {[0] = True};
 222 Bool prevtags[sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0]] = {[0] = True};
 223
 224 /* functions*/
 225 void
 226 applyrules(Client *c) {
 227         static char buf[512];
 228         unsigned int i, j;
 229         regmatch_t tmp;
 230         Bool matched = False;
 231         XClassHint ch = { 0 };
 232
 233         /* rule matching */
 234         XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
 235         snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s:%s:%s",
 236                         ch.res_class ? ch.res_class : "",
 237                         ch.res_name ? ch.res_name : "", c->name);
 238         for(i = 0; i < nrules; i++)
 239                 if(regs[i].propregex && !regexec(regs[i].propregex, buf, 1, &tmp, 0)) {
 240                         c->isfloating = rules[i].isfloating;
 241                         for(j = 0; regs[i].tagregex && j < ntags; j++) {
 242                                 if(!regexec(regs[i].tagregex, tags[j], 1, &tmp, 0)) {
 243                                         matched = True;
 244                                         c->tags[j] = True;
 245                                 }
 246                         }
 247                 }
 248         if(ch.res_class)
 249                 XFree(ch.res_class);
 250         if(ch.res_name)
 251                 XFree(ch.res_name);
 252         if(!matched)
 253                 memcpy(c->tags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
 254 }
 255
 256 void
 257 arrange(void) {
 258         Client *c;
 259
 260         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 261                 if(isvisible(c))
 262                         unban(c);
 263                 else
 264                         ban(c);
 265         layouts[ltidx].arrange();
 266         focus(NULL);
 267         restack();
 268 }
 269
 270 void
 271 attach(Client *c) {
 272         if(clients)
 273                 clients->prev = c;
 274         c->next = clients;
 275         clients = c;
 276 }
 277
 278 void
 279 attachstack(Client *c) {
 280         c->snext = stack;
 281         stack = c;
 282 }
 283
 284 void
 285 ban(Client *c) {
 286         if(c->isbanned)
 287                 return;
 288         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
 289         c->isbanned = True;
 290 }
 291
 292 void
 293 buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
 294         unsigned int i, x;
 295         Client *c;
 296         XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
 297
 298         if(barwin == ev->window) {
 299                 x = 0;
 300                 for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++) {
 301                         x += textw(tags[i]);
 302                         if(ev->x < x) {
 303                                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 304                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 305                                                 tag(tags[i]);
 306                                         else
 307                                                 view(tags[i]);
 308                                 }
 309                                 else if(ev->button == Button3) {
 310                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
 311                                                 toggletag(tags[i]);
 312                                         else
 313                                                 toggleview(tags[i]);
 314                                 }
 315                                 return;
 316                         }
 317                 }
 318                 if((ev->x < x + blw) && ev->button == Button1)
 319                         setlayout(NULL);
 320         }
 321         else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 322                 focus(c);
 323                 if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
 324                         return;
 325                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
 326                         if(isarrange(floating) || c->isfloating)
 327                                 restack();
 328                         else
 329                                 togglefloating(NULL);
 330                         movemouse(c);
 331                 }
 332                 else if(ev->button == Button2) {
 333                         if(ISTILE && !c->isfixed && c->isfloating)
 334                                 togglefloating(NULL);
 335                         else
 336                                 zoom(NULL);
 337                 }
 338                 else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
 339                         if(isarrange(floating) || c->isfloating)
 340                                 restack();
 341                         else
 342                                 togglefloating(NULL);
 343                         resizemouse(c);
 344                 }
 345         }
 346 }
 347
 348 void
 349 checkotherwm(void) {
 350         otherwm = False;
 351         XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
 352
 353         /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
 354         XSelectInput(dpy, root, SubstructureRedirectMask);
 355         XSync(dpy, False);
 356         if(otherwm)
 357                 eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
 358         XSync(dpy, False);
 359         XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
 360         xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
 361         XSync(dpy, False);
 362 }
 363
 364 void
 365 cleanup(void) {
 366         close(STDIN_FILENO);
 367         while(stack) {
 368                 unban(stack);
 369                 unmanage(stack);
 370         }
 371         if(dc.font.set)
 372                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 373         else
 374                 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 375         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 376         XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 377         XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
 378         XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
 379         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
 380         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
 381         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
 382         XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 383         XSync(dpy, False);
 384 }
 385
 386 void
 387 compileregs(void) {
 388         unsigned int i;
 389         regex_t *reg;
 390
 391         if(regs)
 392                 return;
 393         nrules = sizeof rules / sizeof rules[0];
 394         regs = emallocz(nrules * sizeof(Regs));
 395         for(i = 0; i < nrules; i++) {
 396                 if(rules[i].prop) {
 397                         reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
 398                         if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].prop, REG_EXTENDED))
 399                                 free(reg);
 400                         else
 401                                 regs[i].propregex = reg;
 402                 }
 403                 if(rules[i].tags) {
 404                         reg = emallocz(sizeof(regex_t));
 405                         if(regcomp(reg, rules[i].tags, REG_EXTENDED))
 406                                 free(reg);
 407                         else
 408                                 regs[i].tagregex = reg;
 409                 }
 410         }
 411 }
 412
 413 void
 414 configure(Client *c) {
 415         XConfigureEvent ce;
 416
 417         ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
 418         ce.display = dpy;
 419         ce.event = c->win;
 420         ce.window = c->win;
 421         ce.x = c->x;
 422         ce.y = c->y;
 423         ce.width = c->w;
 424         ce.height = c->h;
 425         ce.border_width = c->border;
 426         ce.above = None;
 427         ce.override_redirect = False;
 428         XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
 429 }
 430
 431 void
 432 configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
 433         XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
 434
 435         if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
 436                 sw = ev->width;
 437                 sh = ev->height;
 438                 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
 439                 dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
 440                 XResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, sw, bh);
 441                 updatebarpos();
 442                 arrange();
 443         }
 444 }
 445
 446 void
 447 configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
 448         Client *c;
 449         XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
 450         XWindowChanges wc;
 451
 452         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
 453                 c->ismax = False;
 454                 if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
 455                         c->border = ev->border_width;
 456                 if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || isarrange(floating)) {
 457                         if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
 458                                 c->x = ev->x;
 459                         if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
 460                                 c->y = ev->y;
 461                         if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
 462                                 c->w = ev->width;
 463                         if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
 464                                 c->h = ev->height;
 465                         if((c->x + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
 466                                 c->x = sw / 2 - c->w / 2; /* center in x direction */
 467                         if((c->y + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
 468                                 c->y = sh / 2 - c->h / 2; /* center in y direction */
 469                         if((ev->value_mask & (CWX | CWY))
 470                         && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth | CWHeight)))
 471                                 configure(c);
 472                         if(isvisible(c))
 473                                 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
 474                 }
 475                 else
 476                         configure(c);
 477         }
 478         else {
 479                 wc.x = ev->x;
 480                 wc.y = ev->y;
 481                 wc.width = ev->width;
 482                 wc.height = ev->height;
 483                 wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
 484                 wc.sibling = ev->above;
 485                 wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
 486                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
 487         }
 488         XSync(dpy, False);
 489 }
 490
 491 void
 492 destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
 493         Client *c;
 494         XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
 495
 496         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 497                 unmanage(c);
 498 }
 499
 500 void
 501 detach(Client *c) {
 502         if(c->prev)
 503                 c->prev->next = c->next;
 504         if(c->next)
 505                 c->next->prev = c->prev;
 506         if(c == clients)
 507                 clients = c->next;
 508         c->next = c->prev = NULL;
 509 }
 510
 511 void
 512 detachstack(Client *c) {
 513         Client **tc;
 514
 515         for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
 516         *tc = c->snext;
 517 }
 518
 519 void
 520 drawbar(void) {
 521         int i, x;
 522
 523         dc.x = dc.y = 0;
 524         for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++) {
 525                 dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
 526                 if(seltags[i]) {
 527                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel);
 528                         drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.sel);
 529                 }
 530                 else {
 531                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm);
 532                         drawsquare(sel && sel->tags[i], isoccupied(i), dc.norm);
 533                 }
 534                 dc.x += dc.w;
 535         }
 536         dc.w = blw;
 537         drawtext(layouts[ltidx].symbol, dc.norm);
 538         x = dc.x + dc.w;
 539         dc.w = textw(stext);
 540         dc.x = sw - dc.w;
 541         if(dc.x < x) {
 542                 dc.x = x;
 543                 dc.w = sw - x;
 544         }
 545         drawtext(stext, dc.norm);
 546         if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
 547                 dc.x = x;
 548                 if(sel) {
 549                         drawtext(sel->name, dc.sel);
 550                         drawsquare(sel->ismax, sel->isfloating, dc.sel);
 551                 }
 552                 else
 553                         drawtext(NULL, dc.norm);
 554         }
 555         XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, sw, bh, 0, 0);
 556         XSync(dpy, False);
 557 }
 558
 559 void
 560 drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 561         int x;
 562         XGCValues gcv;
 563         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 564
 565         gcv.foreground = col[ColFG];
 566         XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
 567         x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
 568         r.x = dc.x + 1;
 569         r.y = dc.y + 1;
 570         if(filled) {
 571                 r.width = r.height = x + 1;
 572                 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 573         }
 574         else if(empty) {
 575                 r.width = r.height = x;
 576                 XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 577         }
 578 }
 579
 580 void
 581 drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
 582         int x, y, w, h;
 583         static char buf[256];
 584         unsigned int len, olen;
 585         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
 586
 587         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColBG]);
 588         XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
 589         if(!text)
 590                 return;
 591         w = 0;
 592         olen = len = strlen(text);
 593         if(len >= sizeof buf)
 594                 len = sizeof buf - 1;
 595         memcpy(buf, text, len);
 596         buf[len] = 0;
 597         h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 598         y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
 599         x = dc.x + (h / 2);
 600         /* shorten text if necessary */
 601         while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
 602                 buf[--len] = 0;
 603         if(len < olen) {
 604                 if(len > 1)
 605                         buf[len - 1] = '.';
 606                 if(len > 2)
 607                         buf[len - 2] = '.';
 608                 if(len > 3)
 609                         buf[len - 3] = '.';
 610         }
 611         if(w > dc.w)
 612                 return; /* too long */
 613         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[ColFG]);
 614         if(dc.font.set)
 615                 XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 616         else
 617                 XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
 618 }
 619
 620 void *
 621 emallocz(unsigned int size) {
 622         void *res = calloc(1, size);
 623
 624         if(!res)
 625                 eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
 626         return res;
 627 }
 628
 629 void
 630 enternotify(XEvent *e) {
 631         Client *c;
 632         XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 633
 634         if(ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior)
 635                 return;
 636         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
 637                 focus(c);
 638         else if(ev->window == root) {
 639                 selscreen = True;
 640                 focus(NULL);
 641         }
 642 }
 643
 644 void
 645 eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
 646         va_list ap;
 647
 648         va_start(ap, errstr);
 649         vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
 650         va_end(ap);
 651         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 652 }
 653
 654 void
 655 expose(XEvent *e) {
 656         XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
 657
 658         if(ev->count == 0) {
 659                 if(barwin == ev->window)
 660                         drawbar();
 661         }
 662 }
 663
 664 void
 665 floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
 666         Client *c;
 667
 668         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 669                 if(isvisible(c))
 670                         resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
 671 }
 672
 673 void
 674 focus(Client *c) {
 675         if((!c && selscreen) || (c && !isvisible(c)))
 676                 for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
 677         if(sel && sel != c) {
 678                 grabbuttons(sel, False);
 679                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
 680         }
 681         if(c) {
 682                 detachstack(c);
 683                 attachstack(c);
 684                 grabbuttons(c, True);
 685         }
 686         sel = c;
 687         drawbar();
 688         if(!selscreen)
 689                 return;
 690         if(c) {
 691                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
 692                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 693         }
 694         else
 695                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
 696 }
 697
 698 void
 699 focusnext(const char *arg) {
 700         Client *c;
 701
 702         if(!sel)
 703                 return;
 704         for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 705         if(!c)
 706                 for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
 707         if(c) {
 708                 focus(c);
 709                 restack();
 710         }
 711 }
 712
 713 void
 714 focusprev(const char *arg) {
 715         Client *c;
 716
 717         if(!sel)
 718                 return;
 719         for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 720         if(!c) {
 721                 for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
 722                 for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
 723         }
 724         if(c) {
 725                 focus(c);
 726                 restack();
 727         }
 728 }
 729
 730 Client *
 731 getclient(Window w) {
 732         Client *c;
 733
 734         for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
 735         return c;
 736 }
 737
 738 unsigned long
 739 getcolor(const char *colstr) {
 740         Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
 741         XColor color;
 742
 743         if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
 744                 eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
 745         return color.pixel;
 746 }
 747
 748 long
 749 getstate(Window w) {
 750         int format, status;
 751         long result = -1;
 752         unsigned char *p = NULL;
 753         unsigned long n, extra;
 754         Atom real;
 755
 756         status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
 757                         &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
 758         if(status != Success)
 759                 return -1;
 760         if(n != 0)
 761                 result = *p;
 762         XFree(p);
 763         return result;
 764 }
 765
 766 Bool
 767 gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
 768         char **list = NULL;
 769         int n;
 770         XTextProperty name;
 771
 772         if(!text || size == 0)
 773                 return False;
 774         text[0] = '\0';
 775         XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
 776         if(!name.nitems)
 777                 return False;
 778         if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
 779                 strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
 780         else {
 781                 if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
 782                 && n > 0 && *list)
 783                 {
 784                         strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
 785                         XFreeStringList(list);
 786                 }
 787         }
 788         text[size - 1] = '\0';
 789         XFree(name.value);
 790         return True;
 791 }
 792
 793 void
 794 grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
 795         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
 796
 797         if(focused) {
 798                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 799                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 800                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 801                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 802                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 803                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 804                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 805                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 806
 807                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 808                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 809                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 810                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 811                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 812                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 813                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 814                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 815
 816                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 817                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 818                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 819                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 820                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 821                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 822                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY | numlockmask | LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 823                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 824         }
 825         else
 826                 XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
 827                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
 828 }
 829
 830 unsigned int
 831 idxoftag(const char *tag) {
 832         unsigned int i;
 833
 834         for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
 835                 if(tags[i] == tag)
 836                         return i;
 837         return 0;
 838 }
 839
 840 void
 841 initfont(const char *fontstr) {
 842         char *def, **missing;
 843         int i, n;
 844
 845         missing = NULL;
 846         if(dc.font.set)
 847                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
 848         dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
 849         if(missing) {
 850                 while(n--)
 851                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
 852                 XFreeStringList(missing);
 853         }
 854         if(dc.font.set) {
 855                 XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
 856                 XFontStruct **xfonts;
 857                 char **font_names;
 858                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
 859                 font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
 860                 n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
 861                 for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
 862                         if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
 863                                 dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
 864                         if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
 865                                 dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
 866                         xfonts++;
 867                 }
 868         }
 869         else {
 870                 if(dc.font.xfont)
 871                         XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
 872                 dc.font.xfont = NULL;
 873                 if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
 874                 && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
 875                         eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
 876                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
 877                 dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
 878         }
 879         dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
 880 }
 881
 882 Bool
 883 isarrange(void (*func)())
 884 {
 885         return func == layouts[ltidx].arrange;
 886 }
 887
 888 Bool
 889 isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
 890         Client *c;
 891
 892         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
 893                 if(c->tags[t])
 894                         return True;
 895         return False;
 896 }
 897
 898 Bool
 899 isprotodel(Client *c) {
 900         int i, n;
 901         Atom *protocols;
 902         Bool ret = False;
 903
 904         if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
 905                 for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
 906                         if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
 907                                 ret = True;
 908                 XFree(protocols);
 909         }
 910         return ret;
 911 }
 912
 913 Bool
 914 isvisible(Client *c) {
 915         unsigned int i;
 916
 917         for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
 918                 if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
 919                         return True;
 920         return False;
 921 }
 922
 923 void
 924 keypress(XEvent *e) {
 925         KEYS
 926         unsigned int len = sizeof keys / sizeof keys[0];
 927         unsigned int i;
 928         KeyCode code;
 929         KeySym keysym;
 930         XKeyEvent *ev;
 931
 932         if(!e) { /* grabkeys */
 933                 XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
 934                 for(i = 0; i < len; i++) {
 935                         code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
 936                         XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
 937                                         GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 938                         XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | LockMask, root, True,
 939                                         GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 940                         XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask, root, True,
 941                                         GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 942                         XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod | numlockmask | LockMask, root, True,
 943                                         GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
 944                 }
 945                 return;
 946         }
 947         ev = &e->xkey;
 948         keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
 949         for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
 950                 if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
 951                 && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
 952                 {
 953                         if(keys[i].func)
 954                                 keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
 955                 }
 956 }
 957
 958 void
 959 killclient(const char *arg) {
 960         XEvent ev;
 961
 962         if(!sel)
 963                 return;
 964         if(isprotodel(sel)) {
 965                 ev.type = ClientMessage;
 966                 ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
 967                 ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
 968                 ev.xclient.format = 32;
 969                 ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
 970                 ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
 971                 XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
 972         }
 973         else
 974                 XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
 975 }
 976
 977 void
 978 leavenotify(XEvent *e) {
 979         XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
 980
 981         if((ev->window == root) && !ev->same_screen) {
 982                 selscreen = False;
 983                 focus(NULL);
 984         }
 985 }
 986
 987 void
 988 manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
 989         Client *c, *t = NULL;
 990         Window trans;
 991         Status rettrans;
 992         XWindowChanges wc;
 993
 994         c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
 995         c->tags = emallocz(sizeof seltags);
 996         c->win = w;
 997         c->x = wa->x;
 998         c->y = wa->y;
 999         c->w = wa->width;
1000         c->h = wa->height;
1001         c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
1002         if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
1003                 c->x = sx;
1004                 c->y = sy;
1005                 c->border = wa->border_width;
1006         }
1007         else {
1008                 if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wax + waw)
1009                         c->x = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1010                 if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > way + wah)
1011                         c->y = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1012                 if(c->x < wax)
1013                         c->x = wax;
1014                 if(c->y < way)
1015                         c->y = way;
1016                 c->border = BORDERPX;
1017         }
1018         wc.border_width = c->border;
1019         XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1020         XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1021         configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1022         updatesizehints(c);
1023         XSelectInput(dpy, w,
1024                 StructureNotifyMask | PropertyChangeMask | EnterWindowMask);
1025         grabbuttons(c, False);
1026         updatetitle(c);
1027         if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1028                 for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1029         if(t)
1030                 memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, sizeof seltags);
1031         applyrules(c);
1032         if(!c->isfloating)
1033                 c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1034         attach(c);
1035         attachstack(c);
1036         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1037         ban(c);
1038         XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1039         setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1040         arrange();
1041 }
1042
1043 void
1044 mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1045         XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1046
1047         XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1048         if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1049                 keypress(NULL);
1050 }
1051
1052 void
1053 maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1054         static XWindowAttributes wa;
1055         XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1056
1057         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1058                 return;
1059         if(wa.override_redirect)
1060                 return;
1061         if(!getclient(ev->window))
1062                 manage(ev->window, &wa);
1063 }
1064
1065 void
1066 movemouse(Client *c) {
1067         int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1068         unsigned int dui;
1069         Window dummy;
1070         XEvent ev;
1071
1072         ocx = nx = c->x;
1073         ocy = ny = c->y;
1074         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1075                         None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1076                 return;
1077         c->ismax = False;
1078         XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1079         for(;;) {
1080                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1081                 switch (ev.type) {
1082                 case ButtonRelease:
1083                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1084                         return;
1085                 case ConfigureRequest:
1086                 case Expose:
1087                 case MapRequest:
1088                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1089                         break;
1090                 case MotionNotify:
1091                         XSync(dpy, False);
1092                         nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1093                         ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1094                         if(abs(wax + nx) < SNAP)
1095                                 nx = wax;
1096                         else if(abs((wax + waw) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1097                                 nx = wax + waw - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1098                         if(abs(way - ny) < SNAP)
1099                                 ny = way;
1100                         else if(abs((way + wah) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1101                                 ny = way + wah - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1102                         resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1103                         break;
1104                 }
1105         }
1106 }
1107
1108 Client *
1109 nexttiled(Client *c) {
1110         for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1111         return c;
1112 }
1113
1114 void
1115 propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1116         Client *c;
1117         Window trans;
1118         XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1119
1120         if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1121                 return; /* ignore */
1122         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1123                 switch (ev->atom) {
1124                         default: break;
1125                         case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1126                                 XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1127                                 if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1128                                         arrange();
1129                                 break;
1130                         case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1131                                 updatesizehints(c);
1132                                 break;
1133                 }
1134                 if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1135                         updatetitle(c);
1136                         if(c == sel)
1137                                 drawbar();
1138                 }
1139         }
1140 }
1141
1142 void
1143 quit(const char *arg) {
1144         readin = running = False;
1145 }
1146
1147 void
1148 resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1149         double dx, dy, max, min, ratio;
1150         XWindowChanges wc;
1151
1152         if(sizehints) {
1153                 if(c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && (h - c->baseh) > 0 && (w - c->basew) > 0) {
1154                         dx = (double)(w - c->basew);
1155                         dy = (double)(h - c->baseh);
1156                         min = (double)(c->minax) / (double)(c->minay);
1157                         max = (double)(c->maxax) / (double)(c->maxay);
1158                         ratio = dx / dy;
1159                         if(max > 0 && min > 0 && ratio > 0) {
1160                                 if(ratio < min) {
1161                                         dy = (dx * min + dy) / (min * min + 1);
1162                                         dx = dy * min;
1163                                         w = (int)dx + c->basew;
1164                                         h = (int)dy + c->baseh;
1165                                 }
1166                                 else if(ratio > max) {
1167                                         dy = (dx * min + dy) / (max * max + 1);
1168                                         dx = dy * min;
1169                                         w = (int)dx + c->basew;
1170                                         h = (int)dy + c->baseh;
1171                                 }
1172                         }
1173                 }
1174                 if(c->minw && w < c->minw)
1175                         w = c->minw;
1176                 if(c->minh && h < c->minh)
1177                         h = c->minh;
1178                 if(c->maxw && w > c->maxw)
1179                         w = c->maxw;
1180                 if(c->maxh && h > c->maxh)
1181                         h = c->maxh;
1182                 if(c->incw)
1183                         w -= (w - c->basew) % c->incw;
1184                 if(c->inch)
1185                         h -= (h - c->baseh) % c->inch;
1186         }
1187         if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1188                 return;
1189         /* offscreen appearance fixes */
1190         if(x > sw)
1191                 x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1192         if(y > sh)
1193                 y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1194         if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1195                 x = sx;
1196         if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1197                 y = sy;
1198         if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1199                 c->x = wc.x = x;
1200                 c->y = wc.y = y;
1201                 c->w = wc.width = w;
1202                 c->h = wc.height = h;
1203                 wc.border_width = c->border;
1204                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX | CWY | CWWidth | CWHeight | CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1205                 configure(c);
1206                 XSync(dpy, False);
1207         }
1208 }
1209
1210 void
1211 resizemouse(Client *c) {
1212         int ocx, ocy;
1213         int nw, nh;
1214         XEvent ev;
1215
1216         ocx = c->x;
1217         ocy = c->y;
1218         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1219                         None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1220                 return;
1221         c->ismax = False;
1222         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1223         for(;;) {
1224                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK | ExposureMask | SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1225                 switch(ev.type) {
1226                 case ButtonRelease:
1227                         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1228                                         c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1229                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1230                         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1231                         return;
1232                 case ConfigureRequest:
1233                 case Expose:
1234                 case MapRequest:
1235                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1236                         break;
1237                 case MotionNotify:
1238                         XSync(dpy, False);
1239                         if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1240                                 nw = 1;
1241                         if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1242                                 nh = 1;
1243                         resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1244                         break;
1245                 }
1246         }
1247 }
1248
1249 void
1250 restack(void) {
1251         Client *c;
1252         XEvent ev;
1253         XWindowChanges wc;
1254
1255         drawbar();
1256         if(!sel)
1257                 return;
1258         if(sel->isfloating || isarrange(floating))
1259                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1260         if(!isarrange(floating)) {
1261                 wc.stack_mode = Below;
1262                 wc.sibling = barwin;
1263                 if(!sel->isfloating) {
1264                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
1265                         wc.sibling = sel->win;
1266                 }
1267                 for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1268                         if(c == sel)
1269                                 continue;
1270                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling | CWStackMode, &wc);
1271                         wc.sibling = c->win;
1272                 }
1273         }
1274         XSync(dpy, False);
1275         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1276 }
1277
1278 void
1279 run(void) {
1280         char *p;
1281         int r, xfd;
1282         fd_set rd;
1283         XEvent ev;
1284
1285         /* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1286         XSync(dpy, False);
1287         xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1288         readin = True;
1289         while(running) {
1290                 FD_ZERO(&rd);
1291                 if(readin)
1292                         FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1293                 FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1294                 if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1295                         if(errno == EINTR)
1296                                 continue;
1297                         eprint("select failed\n");
1298                 }
1299                 if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1300                         switch(r = read(STDIN_FILENO, stext, sizeof stext - 1)) {
1301                         case -1:
1302                                 strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), sizeof stext - 1);
1303                                 stext[sizeof stext - 1] = '\0';
1304                                 readin = False;
1305                                 break;
1306                         case 0:
1307                                 strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1308                                 readin = False;
1309                                 break;
1310                         default:
1311                                 for(stext[r] = '\0', p = stext + strlen(stext) - 1; p >= stext && *p == '\n'; *p-- = '\0');
1312                                 for(; p >= stext && *p != '\n'; --p);
1313                                 if(p > stext)
1314                                         strncpy(stext, p + 1, sizeof stext);
1315                         }
1316                         drawbar();
1317                 }
1318                 while(XPending(dpy)) {
1319                         XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1320                         if(handler[ev.type])
1321                                 (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1322                 }
1323         }
1324 }
1325
1326 void
1327 scan(void) {
1328         unsigned int i, num;
1329         Window *wins, d1, d2;
1330         XWindowAttributes wa;
1331
1332         wins = NULL;
1333         if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1334                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1335                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1336                         || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1337                                 continue;
1338                         if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1339                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1340                 }
1341                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1342                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1343                                 continue;
1344                         if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1345                         && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1346                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1347                 }
1348         }
1349         if(wins)
1350                 XFree(wins);
1351 }
1352
1353 void
1354 setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1355         long data[] = {state, None};
1356
1357         XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1358                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1359 }
1360
1361 void
1362 setlayout(const char *arg) {
1363         unsigned int i;
1364
1365         if(!arg) {
1366                 if(++ltidx == nlayouts)
1367                         ltidx = 0;;
1368         }
1369         else {
1370                 for(i = 0; i < nlayouts; i++)
1371                         if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1372                                 break;
1373                 if(i == nlayouts)
1374                         return;
1375                 ltidx = i;
1376         }
1377         if(sel)
1378                 arrange();
1379         else
1380                 drawbar();
1381 }
1382
1383 void
1384 setmwfact(const char *arg) {
1385         double delta;
1386
1387         if(!ISTILE)
1388                 return;
1389         /* arg handling, manipulate mwfact */
1390         if(arg == NULL)
1391                 mwfact = MWFACT;
1392         else if(1 == sscanf(arg, "%lf", &delta)) {
1393                 if(arg[0] == '+' || arg[0] == '-')
1394                         mwfact += delta;
1395                 else
1396                         mwfact = delta;
1397                 if(mwfact < 0.1)
1398                         mwfact = 0.1;
1399                 else if(mwfact > 0.9)
1400                         mwfact = 0.9;
1401         }
1402         arrange();
1403 }
1404
1405 void
1406 setup(void) {
1407         int d;
1408         unsigned int i, j, mask;
1409         Window w;
1410         XModifierKeymap *modmap;
1411         XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1412
1413         /* init atoms */
1414         wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1415         wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1416         wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1417         wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1418         netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1419         netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1420         XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1421                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1422
1423         /* init cursors */
1424         cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1425         cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1426         cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1427
1428         /* init geometry */
1429         sx = sy = 0;
1430         sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1431         sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1432
1433         /* init modifier map */
1434         modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
1435         for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
1436                 for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
1437                         if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
1438                         == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
1439                                 numlockmask = (1 << i);
1440                 }
1441         XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
1442
1443         /* select for events */
1444         wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask | SubstructureNotifyMask
1445                 | EnterWindowMask | LeaveWindowMask | StructureNotifyMask;
1446         wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal];
1447         XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask | CWCursor, &wa);
1448         XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1449
1450         /* grab keys */
1451         keypress(NULL);
1452
1453         /* init tags */
1454         compileregs();
1455
1456         /* init appearance */
1457         dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1458         dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1459         dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1460         dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1461         dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1462         dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1463         initfont(FONT);
1464         dc.h = bh = dc.font.height + 2;
1465
1466         /* init layouts */
1467         mwfact = MWFACT;
1468         nlayouts = sizeof layouts / sizeof layouts[0];
1469         for(blw = i = 0; i < nlayouts; i++) {
1470                 j = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1471                 if(j > blw)
1472                         blw = j;
1473         }
1474
1475         /* init bar */
1476         bpos = BARPOS;
1477         wa.override_redirect = 1;
1478         wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1479         wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask | ExposureMask;
1480         barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, sx, sy, sw, bh, 0,
1481                         DefaultDepth(dpy, screen), CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1482                         CWOverrideRedirect | CWBackPixmap | CWEventMask, &wa);
1483         XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1484         updatebarpos();
1485         XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1486         strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1487         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, sw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1488         dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1489         XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1490         if(!dc.font.set)
1491                 XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1492
1493         /* multihead support */
1494         selscreen = XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &w, &w, &d, &d, &d, &d, &mask);
1495 }
1496
1497 void
1498 spawn(const char *arg) {
1499         static char *shell = NULL;
1500
1501         if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1502                 shell = "/bin/sh";
1503         if(!arg)
1504                 return;
1505         /* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1506          * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1507         if(fork() == 0) {
1508                 if(fork() == 0) {
1509                         if(dpy)
1510                                 close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1511                         setsid();
1512                         execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1513                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1514                         perror(" failed");
1515                 }
1516                 exit(0);
1517         }
1518         wait(0);
1519 }
1520
1521 void
1522 tag(const char *arg) {
1523         unsigned int i;
1524
1525         if(!sel)
1526                 return;
1527         for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
1528                 sel->tags[i] = arg == NULL;
1529         i = idxoftag(arg);
1530         if(i >= 0 && i < ntags)
1531                 sel->tags[i] = True;
1532         arrange();
1533 }
1534
1535 unsigned int
1536 textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1537         XRectangle r;
1538
1539         if(dc.font.set) {
1540                 XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1541                 return r.width;
1542         }
1543         return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1544 }
1545
1546 unsigned int
1547 textw(const char *text) {
1548         return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1549 }
1550
1551 void
1552 tile(void) {
1553         unsigned int i, n, nx, ny, nw, nh, mw, th;
1554         Client *c, *mc;
1555
1556         for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next))
1557                 n++;
1558
1559         /* window geoms */
1560         mw = (n == 1) ? waw : mwfact * waw;
1561         th = (n > 1) ? wah / (n - 1) : 0;
1562         if(n > 1 && th < bh)
1563                 th = wah;
1564
1565         nx = wax;
1566         ny = way;
1567         nw = 0; /* gcc stupidity requires this */
1568         for(i = 0, c = mc = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1569                 c->ismax = False;
1570                 if(i == 0) { /* master */
1571                         nw = mw - 2 * c->border;
1572                         nh = wah - 2 * c->border;
1573                 }
1574                 else {  /* tile window */
1575                         if(i == 1) {
1576                                 ny = way;
1577                                 nx += mc->w + 2 * mc->border;
1578                                 nw = waw - nx - 2 * c->border;
1579                         }
1580                         if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1581                                 nh = (way + wah) - ny - 2 * c->border;
1582                         else
1583                                 nh = th - 2 * c->border;
1584                 }
1585                 resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, RESIZEHINTS);
1586                 if(n > 1 && th != wah)
1587                         ny = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1588         }
1589 }
1590
1591 void
1592 togglebar(const char *arg) {
1593         if(bpos == BarOff)
1594                 bpos = (BARPOS == BarOff) ? BarTop : BARPOS;
1595         else
1596                 bpos = BarOff;
1597         updatebarpos();
1598         arrange();
1599 }
1600
1601 void
1602 togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1603         if(!sel)
1604                 return;
1605         sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1606         if(sel->isfloating)
1607                 resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1608         arrange();
1609 }
1610
1611 void
1612 togglemax(const char *arg) {
1613         XEvent ev;
1614
1615         if(!sel || sel->isfixed)
1616                 return;
1617         if((sel->ismax = !sel->ismax)) {
1618                 if(isarrange(floating) || sel->isfloating)
1619                         sel->wasfloating = True;
1620                 else {
1621                         togglefloating(NULL);
1622                         sel->wasfloating = False;
1623                 }
1624                 sel->rx = sel->x;
1625                 sel->ry = sel->y;
1626                 sel->rw = sel->w;
1627                 sel->rh = sel->h;
1628                 resize(sel, wax, way, waw - 2 * sel->border, wah - 2 * sel->border, True);
1629         }
1630         else {
1631                 resize(sel, sel->rx, sel->ry, sel->rw, sel->rh, True);
1632                 if(!sel->wasfloating)
1633                         togglefloating(NULL);
1634         }
1635         drawbar();
1636         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1637 }
1638
1639 void
1640 toggletag(const char *arg) {
1641         unsigned int i, j;
1642
1643         if(!sel)
1644                 return;
1645         i = idxoftag(arg);
1646         sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1647         for(j = 0; j < ntags && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1648         if(j == ntags)
1649                 sel->tags[i] = True;
1650         arrange();
1651 }
1652
1653 void
1654 toggleview(const char *arg) {
1655         unsigned int i, j;
1656
1657         i = idxoftag(arg);
1658         seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1659         for(j = 0; j < ntags && !seltags[j]; j++);
1660         if(j == ntags)
1661                 seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1662         arrange();
1663 }
1664
1665 void
1666 unban(Client *c) {
1667         if(!c->isbanned)
1668                 return;
1669         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1670         c->isbanned = False;
1671 }
1672
1673 void
1674 unmanage(Client *c) {
1675         XWindowChanges wc;
1676
1677         wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1678         /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1679         XGrabServer(dpy);
1680         XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1681         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1682         detach(c);
1683         detachstack(c);
1684         if(sel == c)
1685                 focus(NULL);
1686         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1687         setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1688         free(c->tags);
1689         free(c);
1690         XSync(dpy, False);
1691         XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1692         XUngrabServer(dpy);
1693         arrange();
1694 }
1695
1696 void
1697 unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1698         Client *c;
1699         XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1700
1701         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1702                 unmanage(c);
1703 }
1704
1705 void
1706 updatebarpos(void) {
1707         XEvent ev;
1708
1709         wax = sx;
1710         way = sy;
1711         wah = sh;
1712         waw = sw;
1713         switch(bpos) {
1714         default:
1715                 wah -= bh;
1716                 way += bh;
1717                 XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy);
1718                 break;
1719         case BarBot:
1720                 wah -= bh;
1721                 XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy + wah);
1722                 break;
1723         case BarOff:
1724                 XMoveWindow(dpy, barwin, sx, sy - bh);
1725                 break;
1726         }
1727         XSync(dpy, False);
1728         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1729 }
1730
1731 void
1732 updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1733         long msize;
1734         XSizeHints size;
1735
1736         if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1737                 size.flags = PSize;
1738         c->flags = size.flags;
1739         if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1740                 c->basew = size.base_width;
1741                 c->baseh = size.base_height;
1742         }
1743         else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1744                 c->basew = size.min_width;
1745                 c->baseh = size.min_height;
1746         }
1747         else
1748                 c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1749         if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1750                 c->incw = size.width_inc;
1751                 c->inch = size.height_inc;
1752         }
1753         else
1754                 c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1755         if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1756                 c->maxw = size.max_width;
1757                 c->maxh = size.max_height;
1758         }
1759         else
1760                 c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1761         if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1762                 c->minw = size.min_width;
1763                 c->minh = size.min_height;
1764         }
1765         else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1766                 c->minw = size.base_width;
1767                 c->minh = size.base_height;
1768         }
1769         else
1770                 c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1771         if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1772                 c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1773                 c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1774                 c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1775                 c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1776         }
1777         else
1778                 c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1779         c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1780                         && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1781 }
1782
1783 void
1784 updatetitle(Client *c) {
1785         if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1786                 gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1787 }
1788
1789 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1790  * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1791  * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1792 int
1793 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1794         if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1795         || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1796         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1797         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1798         || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1799         || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1800         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1801         || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1802                 return 0;
1803         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1804                 ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1805         return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1806 }
1807
1808 int
1809 xerrordummy(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1810         return 0;
1811 }
1812
1813 /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1814  * is already running. */
1815 int
1816 xerrorstart(Display *dsply, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1817         otherwm = True;
1818         return -1;
1819 }
1820
1821 void
1822 view(const char *arg) {
1823         unsigned int i;
1824
1825         memcpy(prevtags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
1826         for(i = 0; i < ntags; i++)
1827                 seltags[i] = arg == NULL;
1828         i = idxoftag(arg);
1829         if(i >= 0 && i < ntags)
1830                 seltags[i] = True;
1831         arrange();
1832 }
1833
1834 void
1835 viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1836         static Bool tmptags[sizeof tags / sizeof tags[0]];
1837
1838         memcpy(tmptags, seltags, sizeof seltags);
1839         memcpy(seltags, prevtags, sizeof seltags);
1840         memcpy(prevtags, tmptags, sizeof seltags);
1841         arrange();
1842 }
1843
1844 void
1845 zoom(const char *arg) {
1846         Client *c;
1847
1848         if(!sel || !ISTILE || sel->isfloating)
1849                 return;
1850         if((c = sel) == nexttiled(clients))
1851                 if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1852                         return;
1853         detach(c);
1854         attach(c);
1855         focus(c);
1856         arrange();
1857 }
1858
1859 int
1860 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1861         if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1862                 eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2007 A. R. Garbe, S. van Dijk, J. Salmi, P. Hruby, S. Nagy\n");
1863         else if(argc != 1)
1864                 eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1865
1866         setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1867         if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1868                 eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1869         screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1870         root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1871
1872         checkotherwm();
1873         setup();
1874         drawbar();
1875         scan();
1876         run();
1877         cleanup();
1878
1879         XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1880         return 0;
1881 }