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[dwm.git] / dwm.c
1 /* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
2  *
3  * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
4  * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
5  * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
6  * events about window (dis-)appearance.  Only one X connection at a time is
7  * allowed to select for this event mask.
8  *
9  * Calls to fetch an X event from the event queue are blocking.  Due reading
10  * status text from standard input, a select()-driven main loop has been
11  * implemented which selects for reads on the X connection and STDIN_FILENO to
12  * handle all data smoothly. The event handlers of dwm are organized in an
13  * array which is accessed whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows
14  * event dispatching in O(1) time.
15  *
16  * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
17  * set the override_redirect flag.  Clients are organized in a global
18  * doubly-linked client list, the focus history is remembered through a global
19  * stack list. Each client contains an array of Bools of the same size as the
20  * global tags array to indicate the tags of a client.
21  *
22  * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
23  *
24  * To understand everything else, start reading main().
25  */
26 #include <errno.h>
27 #include <locale.h>
28 #include <stdarg.h>
29 #include <stdio.h>
30 #include <stdlib.h>
31 #include <string.h>
32 #include <unistd.h>
33 #include <sys/select.h>
34 #include <sys/types.h>
35 #include <sys/wait.h>
36 #include <X11/cursorfont.h>
37 #include <X11/keysym.h>
38 #include <X11/Xatom.h>
39 #include <X11/Xlib.h>
40 #include <X11/Xproto.h>
41 #include <X11/Xutil.h>
42
43 /* macros */
44 #define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
45 #define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask))
46 #define LENGTH(x)               (sizeof x / sizeof x[0])
47 #define MAXTAGLEN               16
48 #define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
49
50 /* enums */
51 enum { CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast };        /* cursor */
52 enum { ColBorder, ColFG, ColBG, ColLast };              /* color */
53 enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetLast };              /* EWMH atoms */
54 enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMName, WMState, WMLast };/* default atoms */
55
56 /* typedefs */
57 typedef struct Client Client;
58 struct Client {
59         char name[256];
60         int x, y, w, h;
61         int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
62         int minax, maxax, minay, maxay;
63         long flags;
64         unsigned int border, oldborder;
65         Bool isbanned, isfixed, isfloating, isurgent;
66         Bool *tags;
67         Client *next;
68         Client *prev;
69         Client *snext;
70         Window win;
71 };
72
73 typedef struct {
74         int x, y, w, h;
75         unsigned long norm[ColLast];
76         unsigned long sel[ColLast];
77         Drawable drawable;
78         GC gc;
79         struct {
80                 int ascent;
81                 int descent;
82                 int height;
83                 XFontSet set;
84                 XFontStruct *xfont;
85         } font;
86 } DC; /* draw context */
87
88 typedef struct {
89         unsigned long mod;
90         KeySym keysym;
91         void (*func)(const char *arg);
92         const char *arg;
93 } Key;
94
95 typedef struct {
96         const char *symbol;
97         void (*arrange)(void);
98         Bool isfloating;
99 } Layout; 
100
101 typedef struct {
102         const char *class;
103         const char *instance;
104         const char *title;
105         const char *tag;
106         Bool isfloating;
107 } Rule;
108
109 /* function declarations */
110 void applyrules(Client *c);
111 void arrange(void);
112 void attach(Client *c);
113 void attachstack(Client *c);
114 void ban(Client *c);
115 void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
116 void checkotherwm(void);
117 void cleanup(void);
118 void configure(Client *c);
119 void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
120 void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
121 unsigned int counttiled(void);
122 void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
123 void detach(Client *c);
124 void detachstack(Client *c);
125 void drawbar(void);
126 void drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]);
127 void drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert);
128 void *emallocz(unsigned int size);
129 void enternotify(XEvent *e);
130 void eprint(const char *errstr, ...);
131 void expose(XEvent *e);
132 void floating(void); /* default floating layout */
133 void focus(Client *c);
134 void focusin(XEvent *e);
135 void focusnext(const char *arg);
136 void focusprev(const char *arg);
137 Client *getclient(Window w);
138 unsigned long getcolor(const char *colstr);
139 double getdouble(const char *s);
140 long getstate(Window w);
141 Bool gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
142 void grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused);
143 void grabkeys(void);
144 unsigned int idxoftag(const char *t);
145 void initfont(const char *fontstr);
146 Bool isoccupied(unsigned int t);
147 Bool isprotodel(Client *c);
148 Bool isurgent(unsigned int t);
149 Bool isvisible(Client *c);
150 void keypress(XEvent *e);
151 void killclient(const char *arg);
152 void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
153 void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
154 void maprequest(XEvent *e);
155 void monocle(void);
156 void movemouse(Client *c);
157 Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
158 void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
159 void quit(const char *arg);
160 void reapply(const char *arg);
161 void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints);
162 void resizemouse(Client *c);
163 void restack(void);
164 void run(void);
165 void scan(void);
166 void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
167 void setgeom(const char *arg);
168 void setlayout(const char *arg);
169 void setup(void);
170 void spawn(const char *arg);
171 void tag(const char *arg);
172 unsigned int textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len);
173 unsigned int textw(const char *text);
174 void tileh(void);
175 void tilehstack(unsigned int n);
176 Client *tilemaster(unsigned int n);
177 void tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
178 void tilev(void);
179 void tilevstack(unsigned int n);
180 void togglefloating(const char *arg);
181 void toggletag(const char *arg);
182 void toggleview(const char *arg);
183 void unban(Client *c);
184 void unmanage(Client *c);
185 void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
186 void updatebarpos(void);
187 void updatesizehints(Client *c);
188 void updatetitle(Client *c);
189 void updatewmhints(Client *c);
190 void view(const char *arg);
191 void viewprevtag(const char *arg);      /* views previous selected tags */
192 int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
193 int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
194 int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
195 void zoom(const char *arg);
196
197 /* variables */
198 char stext[256], buf[256];
199 int screen, sx, sy, sw, sh;
200 int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
201 int bx, by, bw, bh, blw, mx, my, mw, mh, mox, moy, mow, moh, tx, ty, tw, th, wx, wy, ww, wh;
202 unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
203 void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
204         [ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
205         [ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
206         [ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
207         [DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
208         [EnterNotify] = enternotify,
209         [Expose] = expose,
210         [FocusIn] = focusin,
211         [KeyPress] = keypress,
212         [MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
213         [MapRequest] = maprequest,
214         [PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
215         [UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
216 };
217 Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast];
218 Bool otherwm, readin;
219 Bool running = True;
220 Bool *prevtags;
221 Bool *seltags;
222 Client *clients = NULL;
223 Client *sel = NULL;
224 Client *stack = NULL;
225 Cursor cursor[CurLast];
226 Display *dpy;
227 DC dc = {0};
228 Layout *lt = NULL;
229 Window root, barwin;
230
231 /* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
232 #include "config.h"
233 #define TAGSZ (LENGTH(tags) * sizeof(Bool))
234 static Bool tmp[LENGTH(tags)];
235
236 /* function implementations */
237
238 void
239 applyrules(Client *c) {
240         unsigned int i;
241         Bool matched = False;
242         Rule *r;
243         XClassHint ch = { 0 };
244
245         /* rule matching */
246         XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
247         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
248                 r = &rules[i];
249                 if(strstr(c->name, r->title)
250                 || (ch.res_class && r->class && strstr(ch.res_class, r->class))
251                 || (ch.res_name && r->instance && strstr(ch.res_name, r->instance)))
252                 {
253                         c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
254                         if(r->tag) {
255                                 c->tags[idxoftag(r->tag)] = True;
256                                 matched = True;
257                         }
258                 }
259         }
260         if(ch.res_class)
261                 XFree(ch.res_class);
262         if(ch.res_name)
263                 XFree(ch.res_name);
264         if(!matched)
265                 memcpy(c->tags, seltags, TAGSZ);
266 }
267
268 void
269 arrange(void) {
270         Client *c;
271
272         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
273                 if(isvisible(c))
274                         unban(c);
275                 else
276                         ban(c);
277
278         focus(NULL);
279         lt->arrange();
280         restack();
281 }
282
283 void
284 attach(Client *c) {
285         if(clients)
286                 clients->prev = c;
287         c->next = clients;
288         clients = c;
289 }
290
291 void
292 attachstack(Client *c) {
293         c->snext = stack;
294         stack = c;
295 }
296
297 void
298 ban(Client *c) {
299         if(c->isbanned)
300                 return;
301         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y);
302         c->isbanned = True;
303 }
304
305 void
306 buttonpress(XEvent *e) {
307         unsigned int i, x;
308         Client *c;
309         XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
310
311         if(ev->window == barwin) {
312                 x = 0;
313                 for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
314                         x += textw(tags[i]);
315                         if(ev->x < x) {
316                                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
317                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
318                                                 tag(tags[i]);
319                                         else
320                                                 view(tags[i]);
321                                 }
322                                 else if(ev->button == Button3) {
323                                         if(ev->state & MODKEY)
324                                                 toggletag(tags[i]);
325                                         else
326                                                 toggleview(tags[i]);
327                                 }
328                                 return;
329                         }
330                 }
331         }
332         else if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
333                 focus(c);
334                 if(CLEANMASK(ev->state) != MODKEY)
335                         return;
336                 if(ev->button == Button1) {
337                         restack();
338                         movemouse(c);
339                 }
340                 else if(ev->button == Button2) {
341                         if((floating != lt->arrange) && c->isfloating)
342                                 togglefloating(NULL);
343                         else
344                                 zoom(NULL);
345                 }
346                 else if(ev->button == Button3 && !c->isfixed) {
347                         restack();
348                         resizemouse(c);
349                 }
350         }
351 }
352
353 void
354 checkotherwm(void) {
355         otherwm = False;
356         XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
357
358         /* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
359         XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
360         XSync(dpy, False);
361         if(otherwm)
362                 eprint("dwm: another window manager is already running\n");
363         XSync(dpy, False);
364         XSetErrorHandler(NULL);
365         xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
366         XSync(dpy, False);
367 }
368
369 void
370 cleanup(void) {
371         close(STDIN_FILENO);
372         while(stack) {
373                 unban(stack);
374                 unmanage(stack);
375         }
376         if(dc.font.set)
377                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
378         else
379                 XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
380         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
381         XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
382         XFreeGC(dpy, dc.gc);
383         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurNormal]);
384         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurResize]);
385         XFreeCursor(dpy, cursor[CurMove]);
386         XDestroyWindow(dpy, barwin);
387         XSync(dpy, False);
388         XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
389 }
390
391 void
392 configure(Client *c) {
393         XConfigureEvent ce;
394
395         ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
396         ce.display = dpy;
397         ce.event = c->win;
398         ce.window = c->win;
399         ce.x = c->x;
400         ce.y = c->y;
401         ce.width = c->w;
402         ce.height = c->h;
403         ce.border_width = c->border;
404         ce.above = None;
405         ce.override_redirect = False;
406         XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
407 }
408
409 void
410 configurenotify(XEvent *e) {
411         XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
412
413         if(ev->window == root && (ev->width != sw || ev->height != sh)) {
414                 setgeom(NULL);
415                 updatebarpos();
416                 arrange();
417         }
418 }
419
420 void
421 configurerequest(XEvent *e) {
422         Client *c;
423         XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
424         XWindowChanges wc;
425
426         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
427                 if(ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
428                         c->border = ev->border_width;
429                 if(c->isfixed || c->isfloating || lt->isfloating) {
430                         if(ev->value_mask & CWX)
431                                 c->x = sx + ev->x;
432                         if(ev->value_mask & CWY)
433                                 c->y = sy + ev->y;
434                         if(ev->value_mask & CWWidth)
435                                 c->w = ev->width;
436                         if(ev->value_mask & CWHeight)
437                                 c->h = ev->height;
438                         if((c->x - sx + c->w) > sw && c->isfloating)
439                                 c->x = sx + (sw / 2 - c->w / 2); /* center in x direction */
440                         if((c->y - sy + c->h) > sh && c->isfloating)
441                                 c->y = sy + (sh / 2 - c->h / 2); /* center in y direction */
442                         if((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY))
443                         && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
444                                 configure(c);
445                         if(isvisible(c))
446                                 XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
447                 }
448                 else
449                         configure(c);
450         }
451         else {
452                 wc.x = ev->x;
453                 wc.y = ev->y;
454                 wc.width = ev->width;
455                 wc.height = ev->height;
456                 wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
457                 wc.sibling = ev->above;
458                 wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
459                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
460         }
461         XSync(dpy, False);
462 }
463
464 unsigned int
465 counttiled(void) {
466         unsigned int n;
467         Client *c;
468
469         for(n = 0, c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);
470         return n;
471 }
472
473 void
474 destroynotify(XEvent *e) {
475         Client *c;
476         XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;
477
478         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
479                 unmanage(c);
480 }
481
482 void
483 detach(Client *c) {
484         if(c->prev)
485                 c->prev->next = c->next;
486         if(c->next)
487                 c->next->prev = c->prev;
488         if(c == clients)
489                 clients = c->next;
490         c->next = c->prev = NULL;
491 }
492
493 void
494 detachstack(Client *c) {
495         Client **tc;
496
497         for(tc=&stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc=&(*tc)->snext);
498         *tc = c->snext;
499 }
500
501 void
502 drawbar(void) {
503         int i, x;
504         Client *c;
505
506         dc.x = 0;
507         for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
508         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
509                 dc.w = textw(tags[i]);
510                 if(seltags[i]) {
511                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.sel, isurgent(i));
512                         drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.sel);
513                 }
514                 else {
515                         drawtext(tags[i], dc.norm, isurgent(i));
516                         drawsquare(c && c->tags[i], isoccupied(i), isurgent(i), dc.norm);
517                 }
518                 dc.x += dc.w;
519         }
520         dc.w = blw;
521         drawtext(lt->symbol, dc.norm, False);
522         x = dc.x + dc.w;
523         dc.w = textw(stext);
524         dc.x = bw - dc.w;
525         if(dc.x < x) {
526                 dc.x = x;
527                 dc.w = bw - x;
528         }
529         drawtext(stext, dc.norm, False);
530         if((dc.w = dc.x - x) > bh) {
531                 dc.x = x;
532                 if(c) {
533                         drawtext(c->name, dc.sel, False);
534                         drawsquare(False, c->isfloating, False, dc.sel);
535                 }
536                 else
537                         drawtext(NULL, dc.norm, False);
538         }
539         XCopyArea(dpy, dc.drawable, barwin, dc.gc, 0, 0, bw, bh, 0, 0);
540         XSync(dpy, False);
541 }
542
543 void
544 drawsquare(Bool filled, Bool empty, Bool invert, unsigned long col[ColLast]) {
545         int x;
546         XGCValues gcv;
547         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
548
549         gcv.foreground = col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG];
550         XChangeGC(dpy, dc.gc, GCForeground, &gcv);
551         x = (dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent + 2) / 4;
552         r.x = dc.x + 1;
553         r.y = dc.y + 1;
554         if(filled) {
555                 r.width = r.height = x + 1;
556                 XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
557         }
558         else if(empty) {
559                 r.width = r.height = x;
560                 XDrawRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
561         }
562 }
563
564 void
565 drawtext(const char *text, unsigned long col[ColLast], Bool invert) {
566         int x, y, w, h;
567         unsigned int len, olen;
568         XRectangle r = { dc.x, dc.y, dc.w, dc.h };
569
570         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColFG : ColBG]);
571         XFillRectangles(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, &r, 1);
572         if(!text)
573                 return;
574         w = 0;
575         olen = len = strlen(text);
576         if(len >= sizeof buf)
577                 len = sizeof buf - 1;
578         memcpy(buf, text, len);
579         buf[len] = 0;
580         h = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
581         y = dc.y + (dc.h / 2) - (h / 2) + dc.font.ascent;
582         x = dc.x + (h / 2);
583         /* shorten text if necessary */
584         while(len && (w = textnw(buf, len)) > dc.w - h)
585                 buf[--len] = 0;
586         if(len < olen) {
587                 if(len > 1)
588                         buf[len - 1] = '.';
589                 if(len > 2)
590                         buf[len - 2] = '.';
591                 if(len > 3)
592                         buf[len - 3] = '.';
593         }
594         if(w > dc.w)
595                 return; /* too long */
596         XSetForeground(dpy, dc.gc, col[invert ? ColBG : ColFG]);
597         if(dc.font.set)
598                 XmbDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.font.set, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
599         else
600                 XDrawString(dpy, dc.drawable, dc.gc, x, y, buf, len);
601 }
602
603 void *
604 emallocz(unsigned int size) {
605         void *res = calloc(1, size);
606
607         if(!res)
608                 eprint("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", size);
609         return res;
610 }
611
612 void
613 enternotify(XEvent *e) {
614         Client *c;
615         XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;
616
617         if((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
618                 return;
619         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
620                 focus(c);
621         else
622                 focus(NULL);
623 }
624
625 void
626 eprint(const char *errstr, ...) {
627         va_list ap;
628
629         va_start(ap, errstr);
630         vfprintf(stderr, errstr, ap);
631         va_end(ap);
632         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
633 }
634
635 void
636 expose(XEvent *e) {
637         XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;
638
639         if(ev->count == 0 && (ev->window == barwin))
640                 drawbar();
641 }
642
643 void
644 floating(void) { /* default floating layout */
645         Client *c;
646
647         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
648                 if(isvisible(c))
649                         resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, True);
650 }
651
652 void
653 focus(Client *c) {
654         if(!c || (c && !isvisible(c)))
655                 for(c = stack; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->snext);
656         if(sel && sel != c) {
657                 grabbuttons(sel, False);
658                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, sel->win, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
659         }
660         if(c) {
661                 detachstack(c);
662                 attachstack(c);
663                 grabbuttons(c, True);
664         }
665         sel = c;
666         if(c) {
667                 XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, dc.sel[ColBorder]);
668                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
669         }
670         else
671                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
672         drawbar();
673 }
674
675 void
676 focusin(XEvent *e) { /* there are some broken focus acquiring clients */
677         XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;
678
679         if(sel && ev->window != sel->win)
680                 XSetInputFocus(dpy, sel->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
681 }
682
683 void
684 focusnext(const char *arg) {
685         Client *c;
686
687         if(!sel)
688                 return;
689         for(c = sel->next; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
690         if(!c)
691                 for(c = clients; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->next);
692         if(c) {
693                 focus(c);
694                 restack();
695         }
696 }
697
698 void
699 focusprev(const char *arg) {
700         Client *c;
701
702         if(!sel)
703                 return;
704         for(c = sel->prev; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
705         if(!c) {
706                 for(c = clients; c && c->next; c = c->next);
707                 for(; c && !isvisible(c); c = c->prev);
708         }
709         if(c) {
710                 focus(c);
711                 restack();
712         }
713 }
714
715 Client *
716 getclient(Window w) {
717         Client *c;
718
719         for(c = clients; c && c->win != w; c = c->next);
720         return c;
721 }
722
723 unsigned long
724 getcolor(const char *colstr) {
725         Colormap cmap = DefaultColormap(dpy, screen);
726         XColor color;
727
728         if(!XAllocNamedColor(dpy, cmap, colstr, &color, &color))
729                 eprint("error, cannot allocate color '%s'\n", colstr);
730         return color.pixel;
731 }
732
733 long
734 getstate(Window w) {
735         int format, status;
736         long result = -1;
737         unsigned char *p = NULL;
738         unsigned long n, extra;
739         Atom real;
740
741         status = XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
742                         &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p);
743         if(status != Success)
744                 return -1;
745         if(n != 0)
746                 result = *p;
747         XFree(p);
748         return result;
749 }
750
751 Bool
752 gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size) {
753         char **list = NULL;
754         int n;
755         XTextProperty name;
756
757         if(!text || size == 0)
758                 return False;
759         text[0] = '\0';
760         XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom);
761         if(!name.nitems)
762                 return False;
763         if(name.encoding == XA_STRING)
764                 strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
765         else {
766                 if(XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success
767                 && n > 0 && *list) {
768                         strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
769                         XFreeStringList(list);
770                 }
771         }
772         text[size - 1] = '\0';
773         XFree(name.value);
774         return True;
775 }
776
777 void
778 grabbuttons(Client *c, Bool focused) {
779         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
780
781         if(focused) {
782                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
783                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
784                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
785                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
786                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
787                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
788                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button1, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
789                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
790
791                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
792                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
793                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
794                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
795                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
796                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
797                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button2, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
798                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
799
800                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
801                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
802                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
803                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
804                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
805                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
806                 XGrabButton(dpy, Button3, MODKEY|numlockmask|LockMask, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
807                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
808         }
809         else
810                 XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
811                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
812 }
813
814 void
815 grabkeys(void)  {
816         unsigned int i, j;
817         KeyCode code;
818         XModifierKeymap *modmap;
819
820         /* init modifier map */
821         modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
822         for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
823                 for(j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++) {
824                         if(modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j] == XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
825                                 numlockmask = (1 << i);
826                 }
827         XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
828
829         XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
830         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++) {
831                 code = XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, keys[i].keysym);
832                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod, root, True,
833                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
834                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|LockMask, root, True,
835                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
836                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask, root, True,
837                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
838                 XGrabKey(dpy, code, keys[i].mod|numlockmask|LockMask, root, True,
839                                 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
840         }
841 }
842
843 unsigned int
844 idxoftag(const char *t) {
845         unsigned int i;
846
847         for(i = 0; (i < LENGTH(tags)) && (tags[i] != t); i++);
848         return (i < LENGTH(tags)) ? i : 0;
849 }
850
851 void
852 initfont(const char *fontstr) {
853         char *def, **missing;
854         int i, n;
855
856         missing = NULL;
857         if(dc.font.set)
858                 XFreeFontSet(dpy, dc.font.set);
859         dc.font.set = XCreateFontSet(dpy, fontstr, &missing, &n, &def);
860         if(missing) {
861                 while(n--)
862                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: missing fontset: %s\n", missing[n]);
863                 XFreeStringList(missing);
864         }
865         if(dc.font.set) {
866                 XFontSetExtents *font_extents;
867                 XFontStruct **xfonts;
868                 char **font_names;
869                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.descent = 0;
870                 font_extents = XExtentsOfFontSet(dc.font.set);
871                 n = XFontsOfFontSet(dc.font.set, &xfonts, &font_names);
872                 for(i = 0, dc.font.ascent = 0, dc.font.descent = 0; i < n; i++) {
873                         if(dc.font.ascent < (*xfonts)->ascent)
874                                 dc.font.ascent = (*xfonts)->ascent;
875                         if(dc.font.descent < (*xfonts)->descent)
876                                 dc.font.descent = (*xfonts)->descent;
877                         xfonts++;
878                 }
879         }
880         else {
881                 if(dc.font.xfont)
882                         XFreeFont(dpy, dc.font.xfont);
883                 dc.font.xfont = NULL;
884                 if(!(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, fontstr))
885                 && !(dc.font.xfont = XLoadQueryFont(dpy, "fixed")))
886                         eprint("error, cannot load font: '%s'\n", fontstr);
887                 dc.font.ascent = dc.font.xfont->ascent;
888                 dc.font.descent = dc.font.xfont->descent;
889         }
890         dc.font.height = dc.font.ascent + dc.font.descent;
891 }
892
893 Bool
894 isoccupied(unsigned int t) {
895         Client *c;
896
897         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
898                 if(c->tags[t])
899                         return True;
900         return False;
901 }
902
903 Bool
904 isprotodel(Client *c) {
905         int i, n;
906         Atom *protocols;
907         Bool ret = False;
908
909         if(XGetWMProtocols(dpy, c->win, &protocols, &n)) {
910                 for(i = 0; !ret && i < n; i++)
911                         if(protocols[i] == wmatom[WMDelete])
912                                 ret = True;
913                 XFree(protocols);
914         }
915         return ret;
916 }
917
918 Bool
919 isurgent(unsigned int t) {
920         Client *c;
921
922         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
923                 if(c->isurgent && c->tags[t])
924                         return True;
925         return False;
926 }
927
928 Bool
929 isvisible(Client *c) {
930         unsigned int i;
931
932         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
933                 if(c->tags[i] && seltags[i])
934                         return True;
935         return False;
936 }
937
938 void
939 keypress(XEvent *e) {
940         unsigned int i;
941         KeySym keysym;
942         XKeyEvent *ev;
943
944         ev = &e->xkey;
945         keysym = XKeycodeToKeysym(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 0);
946         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
947                 if(keysym == keys[i].keysym
948                 && CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
949                 {
950                         if(keys[i].func)
951                                 keys[i].func(keys[i].arg);
952                 }
953 }
954
955 void
956 killclient(const char *arg) {
957         XEvent ev;
958
959         if(!sel)
960                 return;
961         if(isprotodel(sel)) {
962                 ev.type = ClientMessage;
963                 ev.xclient.window = sel->win;
964                 ev.xclient.message_type = wmatom[WMProtocols];
965                 ev.xclient.format = 32;
966                 ev.xclient.data.l[0] = wmatom[WMDelete];
967                 ev.xclient.data.l[1] = CurrentTime;
968                 XSendEvent(dpy, sel->win, False, NoEventMask, &ev);
969         }
970         else
971                 XKillClient(dpy, sel->win);
972 }
973
974 void
975 manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa) {
976         Client *c, *t = NULL;
977         Status rettrans;
978         Window trans;
979         XWindowChanges wc;
980
981         c = emallocz(sizeof(Client));
982         c->tags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
983         c->win = w;
984
985         /* geometry */
986         c->x = wa->x;
987         c->y = wa->y;
988         c->w = wa->width;
989         c->h = wa->height;
990         c->oldborder = wa->border_width;
991         if(c->w == sw && c->h == sh) {
992                 c->x = sx;
993                 c->y = sy;
994                 c->border = wa->border_width;
995         }
996         else {
997                 if(c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border > wx + ww)
998                         c->x = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->border;
999                 if(c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border > wy + wh)
1000                         c->y = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1001                 if(c->x < wx)
1002                         c->x = wx;
1003                 if(c->y < wy)
1004                         c->y = wy;
1005                 c->border = BORDERPX;
1006         }
1007
1008         wc.border_width = c->border;
1009         XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1010         XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, dc.norm[ColBorder]);
1011         configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
1012         updatesizehints(c);
1013         XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
1014         grabbuttons(c, False);
1015         updatetitle(c);
1016         if((rettrans = XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) == Success))
1017                 for(t = clients; t && t->win != trans; t = t->next);
1018         if(t)
1019                 memcpy(c->tags, t->tags, TAGSZ);
1020         else
1021                 applyrules(c);
1022         if(!c->isfloating)
1023                 c->isfloating = (rettrans == Success) || c->isfixed;
1024         attach(c);
1025         attachstack(c);
1026         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
1027         ban(c);
1028         XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
1029         setclientstate(c, NormalState);
1030         arrange();
1031 }
1032
1033 void
1034 mappingnotify(XEvent *e) {
1035         XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;
1036
1037         XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
1038         if(ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
1039                 grabkeys();
1040 }
1041
1042 void
1043 maprequest(XEvent *e) {
1044         static XWindowAttributes wa;
1045         XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
1046
1047         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa))
1048                 return;
1049         if(wa.override_redirect)
1050                 return;
1051         if(!getclient(ev->window))
1052                 manage(ev->window, &wa);
1053 }
1054
1055 void
1056 monocle(void) {
1057         Client *c;
1058
1059         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next)
1060                 if(isvisible(c))
1061                         resize(c, mox, moy, mow, moh, RESIZEHINTS);
1062 }
1063
1064 void
1065 movemouse(Client *c) {
1066         int x1, y1, ocx, ocy, di, nx, ny;
1067         unsigned int dui;
1068         Window dummy;
1069         XEvent ev;
1070
1071         ocx = nx = c->x;
1072         ocy = ny = c->y;
1073         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1074                         None, cursor[CurMove], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1075                 return;
1076         XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, &x1, &y1, &di, &di, &dui);
1077         for(;;) {
1078                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
1079                 switch (ev.type) {
1080                 case ButtonRelease:
1081                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1082                         return;
1083                 case ConfigureRequest:
1084                 case Expose:
1085                 case MapRequest:
1086                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1087                         break;
1088                 case MotionNotify:
1089                         XSync(dpy, False);
1090                         nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x1);
1091                         ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y1);
1092                         if(abs(wx - nx) < SNAP)
1093                                 nx = wx;
1094                         else if(abs((wx + ww) - (nx + c->w + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1095                                 nx = wx + ww - c->w - 2 * c->border;
1096                         if(abs(wy - ny) < SNAP)
1097                                 ny = wy;
1098                         else if(abs((wy + wh) - (ny + c->h + 2 * c->border)) < SNAP)
1099                                 ny = wy + wh - c->h - 2 * c->border;
1100                         if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nx - c->x) > SNAP || abs(ny - c->y) > SNAP))
1101                                 togglefloating(NULL);
1102                         if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1103                                 resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, False);
1104                         break;
1105                 }
1106         }
1107 }
1108
1109 Client *
1110 nexttiled(Client *c) {
1111         for(; c && (c->isfloating || !isvisible(c)); c = c->next);
1112         return c;
1113 }
1114
1115 void
1116 propertynotify(XEvent *e) {
1117         Client *c;
1118         Window trans;
1119         XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;
1120
1121         if(ev->state == PropertyDelete)
1122                 return; /* ignore */
1123         if((c = getclient(ev->window))) {
1124                 switch (ev->atom) {
1125                 default: break;
1126                 case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
1127                         XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans);
1128                         if(!c->isfloating && (c->isfloating = (getclient(trans) != NULL)))
1129                                 arrange();
1130                         break;
1131                 case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
1132                         updatesizehints(c);
1133                         break;
1134                 case XA_WM_HINTS:
1135                         updatewmhints(c);
1136                         drawbar();
1137                         break;
1138                 }
1139                 if(ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
1140                         updatetitle(c);
1141                         if(c == sel)
1142                                 drawbar();
1143                 }
1144         }
1145 }
1146
1147 void
1148 quit(const char *arg) {
1149         readin = running = False;
1150 }
1151
1152 void
1153 reapply(const char *arg) {
1154         static Bool zerotags[LENGTH(tags)] = { 0 };
1155         Client *c;
1156
1157         for(c = clients; c; c = c->next) {
1158                 memcpy(c->tags, zerotags, sizeof zerotags);
1159                 applyrules(c);
1160         }
1161         arrange();
1162 }
1163
1164 void
1165 resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, Bool sizehints) {
1166         XWindowChanges wc;
1167
1168         if(sizehints) {
1169                 /* set minimum possible */
1170                 if (w < 1)
1171                         w = 1;
1172                 if (h < 1)
1173                         h = 1;
1174
1175                 /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
1176                 w -= c->basew;
1177                 h -= c->baseh;
1178
1179                 /* adjust for aspect limits */
1180                 if (c->minay > 0 && c->maxay > 0 && c->minax > 0 && c->maxax > 0) {
1181                         if (w * c->maxay > h * c->maxax)
1182                                 w = h * c->maxax / c->maxay;
1183                         else if (w * c->minay < h * c->minax)
1184                                 h = w * c->minay / c->minax;
1185                 }
1186
1187                 /* adjust for increment value */
1188                 if(c->incw)
1189                         w -= w % c->incw;
1190                 if(c->inch)
1191                         h -= h % c->inch;
1192
1193                 /* restore base dimensions */
1194                 w += c->basew;
1195                 h += c->baseh;
1196
1197                 if(c->minw > 0 && w < c->minw)
1198                         w = c->minw;
1199                 if(c->minh > 0 && h < c->minh)
1200                         h = c->minh;
1201                 if(c->maxw > 0 && w > c->maxw)
1202                         w = c->maxw;
1203                 if(c->maxh > 0 && h > c->maxh)
1204                         h = c->maxh;
1205         }
1206         if(w <= 0 || h <= 0)
1207                 return;
1208         if(x > sx + sw)
1209                 x = sw - w - 2 * c->border;
1210         if(y > sy + sh)
1211                 y = sh - h - 2 * c->border;
1212         if(x + w + 2 * c->border < sx)
1213                 x = sx;
1214         if(y + h + 2 * c->border < sy)
1215                 y = sy;
1216         if(c->x != x || c->y != y || c->w != w || c->h != h) {
1217                 c->x = wc.x = x;
1218                 c->y = wc.y = y;
1219                 c->w = wc.width = w;
1220                 c->h = wc.height = h;
1221                 wc.border_width = c->border;
1222                 XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win,
1223                                 CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
1224                 configure(c);
1225                 XSync(dpy, False);
1226         }
1227 }
1228
1229 void
1230 resizemouse(Client *c) {
1231         int ocx, ocy;
1232         int nw, nh;
1233         XEvent ev;
1234
1235         ocx = c->x;
1236         ocy = c->y;
1237         if(XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
1238                         None, cursor[CurResize], CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
1239                 return;
1240         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1241         for(;;) {
1242                 XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask , &ev);
1243                 switch(ev.type) {
1244                 case ButtonRelease:
1245                         XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0,
1246                                         c->w + c->border - 1, c->h + c->border - 1);
1247                         XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
1248                         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1249                         return;
1250                 case ConfigureRequest:
1251                 case Expose:
1252                 case MapRequest:
1253                         handler[ev.type](&ev);
1254                         break;
1255                 case MotionNotify:
1256                         XSync(dpy, False);
1257                         if((nw = ev.xmotion.x - ocx - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1258                                 nw = 1;
1259                         if((nh = ev.xmotion.y - ocy - 2 * c->border + 1) <= 0)
1260                                 nh = 1;
1261                         if(!c->isfloating && !lt->isfloating && (abs(nw - c->w) > SNAP || abs(nh - c->h) > SNAP))
1262                                 togglefloating(NULL);
1263                         if((lt->isfloating) || c->isfloating)
1264                                 resize(c, c->x, c->y, nw, nh, True);
1265                         break;
1266                 }
1267         }
1268 }
1269
1270 void
1271 restack(void) {
1272         Client *c;
1273         XEvent ev;
1274         XWindowChanges wc;
1275
1276         drawbar();
1277         if(!sel)
1278                 return;
1279         if(sel->isfloating || lt->isfloating)
1280                 XRaiseWindow(dpy, sel->win);
1281         if(!lt->isfloating) {
1282                 wc.stack_mode = Below;
1283                 wc.sibling = barwin;
1284                 if(!sel->isfloating) {
1285                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, sel->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1286                         wc.sibling = sel->win;
1287                 }
1288                 for(c = nexttiled(clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
1289                         if(c == sel)
1290                                 continue;
1291                         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
1292                         wc.sibling = c->win;
1293                 }
1294         }
1295         XSync(dpy, False);
1296         while(XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
1297 }
1298
1299 void
1300 run(void) {
1301         char *p;
1302         char sbuf[sizeof stext];
1303         fd_set rd;
1304         int r, xfd;
1305         unsigned int len, offset;
1306         XEvent ev;
1307
1308         /* main event loop, also reads status text from stdin */
1309         XSync(dpy, False);
1310         xfd = ConnectionNumber(dpy);
1311         readin = True;
1312         offset = 0;
1313         len = sizeof stext - 1;
1314         sbuf[len] = stext[len] = '\0'; /* 0-terminator is never touched */
1315         while(running) {
1316                 FD_ZERO(&rd);
1317                 if(readin)
1318                         FD_SET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd);
1319                 FD_SET(xfd, &rd);
1320                 if(select(xfd + 1, &rd, NULL, NULL, NULL) == -1) {
1321                         if(errno == EINTR)
1322                                 continue;
1323                         eprint("select failed\n");
1324                 }
1325                 if(FD_ISSET(STDIN_FILENO, &rd)) {
1326                         switch((r = read(STDIN_FILENO, sbuf + offset, len - offset))) {
1327                         case -1:
1328                                 strncpy(stext, strerror(errno), len);
1329                                 readin = False;
1330                                 break;
1331                         case 0:
1332                                 strncpy(stext, "EOF", 4);
1333                                 readin = False;
1334                                 break;
1335                         default:
1336                                 for(p = sbuf + offset; r > 0; p++, r--, offset++)
1337                                         if(*p == '\n' || *p == '\0') {
1338                                                 *p = '\0';
1339                                                 strncpy(stext, sbuf, len);
1340                                                 p += r - 1; /* p is sbuf + offset + r - 1 */
1341                                                 for(r = 0; *(p - r) && *(p - r) != '\n'; r++);
1342                                                 offset = r;
1343                                                 if(r)
1344                                                         memmove(sbuf, p - r + 1, r);
1345                                                 break;
1346                                         }
1347                                 break;
1348                         }
1349                         drawbar();
1350                 }
1351                 while(XPending(dpy)) {
1352                         XNextEvent(dpy, &ev);
1353                         if(handler[ev.type])
1354                                 (handler[ev.type])(&ev); /* call handler */
1355                 }
1356         }
1357 }
1358
1359 void
1360 scan(void) {
1361         unsigned int i, num;
1362         Window *wins, d1, d2;
1363         XWindowAttributes wa;
1364
1365         wins = NULL;
1366         if(XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
1367                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) {
1368                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
1369                                         || wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
1370                                 continue;
1371                         if(wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
1372                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1373                 }
1374                 for(i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
1375                         if(!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
1376                                 continue;
1377                         if(XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
1378                                         && (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
1379                                 manage(wins[i], &wa);
1380                 }
1381         }
1382         if(wins)
1383                 XFree(wins);
1384 }
1385
1386 void
1387 setclientstate(Client *c, long state) {
1388         long data[] = {state, None};
1389
1390         XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
1391                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
1392 }
1393
1394 /**
1395  * Idea:
1396  *
1397  * having a geom syntax as follows, which is interpreted as integer.
1398  *
1399  * [-,+][<0..n>|<W,H,B>]
1400  *
1401  *
1402  * B = bar height, W = DisplayWidth(), H = DisplayHeight()
1403  *
1404  * -/+/* /: is relative to current
1405  *
1406  * Then we would come down with <bx>,<by>,<bw>,<bh>,...
1407  *
1408  * "0 0 W B 0 0 W W N E B,W,B,
1409  *
1410  *
1411  */
1412
1413 double
1414 getdouble(const char *s) {
1415         char *endp;
1416         double result = 0;
1417
1418         fprintf(stderr, "getdouble '%s'\n", s);
1419         switch(*s) {
1420         default: 
1421                 result = strtod(s, &endp);
1422                 if(s == endp || *endp != 0)
1423                         result = strtol(s, &endp, 0);
1424                 break;
1425         case 'B': result = dc.font.height + 2; break;
1426         case 'W': result = sw; break;
1427         case 'H': result = sh; break;
1428         }
1429         fprintf(stderr, "getdouble returns '%f'\n", result);
1430         return result;
1431 }
1432
1433 void
1434 setgeom(const char *arg) {
1435         static const char *lastArg = NULL;
1436         char op, *s, *e, *p;
1437         double val;
1438         int i, *map[] = { &bx,  &by,  &bw,  &bh,
1439                           &wx,  &wy,  &ww,  &wh,
1440                           &mx,  &my,  &mw,  &mh,
1441                           &tx,  &ty,  &tw,  &th,
1442                           &mox, &moy, &mow, &moh };
1443
1444         if(!arg)
1445                 arg = lastArg;
1446         else
1447                 lastArg = arg;
1448         if(!lastArg)
1449                 return;
1450         strncpy(buf, arg, sizeof buf);
1451         for(i = 0, e = s = buf; e && *e; e++)
1452                 if(*e == ' ') {
1453                         *e = 0;
1454                         fprintf(stderr, "next geom arg='%s'\n", s);
1455                         op = 0;
1456                         /* check if there is an operator */
1457                         for(p = s; *p && *p != '-' && *p != '+' && *p != '*' && *p != ':'; p++);
1458                         if(*p) {
1459                                 op = *p;
1460                                 *p = 0;
1461                         }
1462                         val = getdouble(s);
1463                         fprintf(stderr, "val1: %d\n", val);
1464                         if(p > s) { /* intermediate operand, e.g. H-B */
1465                                 *(map[i]) = val;
1466                                 s = ++p;
1467                                 val = getdouble(s);
1468                                 fprintf(stderr, "val2: %d\n", val);
1469                         }
1470                         switch(op) {
1471                         default: *(map[i])   = val; break;
1472                         case '-': *(map[i]) -= val; break;
1473                         case '+': *(map[i]) += val; break;
1474                         case '*': *(map[i]) *= val; break;
1475                         case ':': if(val != 0) *(map[i]) /= val; break;
1476                         }
1477                         fprintf(stderr, "map[i]='%d'\n", val);
1478                         s = ++e;
1479                         i++;
1480                 }
1481         updatebarpos();
1482         arrange();
1483 }
1484
1485 void
1486 setlayout(const char *arg) {
1487         static Layout *revert = 0;
1488         unsigned int i;
1489
1490         if(!arg)
1491                 return;
1492         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++)
1493                 if(!strcmp(arg, layouts[i].symbol))
1494                         break;
1495         if(i == LENGTH(layouts))
1496                 return;
1497         if(revert && &layouts[i] == lt)
1498                 lt = revert;
1499         else {
1500                 revert = lt;
1501                 lt = &layouts[i];
1502         }
1503         if(sel)
1504                 arrange();
1505         else
1506                 drawbar();
1507 }
1508
1509 void
1510 setup(void) {
1511         unsigned int i;
1512         XSetWindowAttributes wa;
1513
1514         /* init screen */
1515         screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
1516         root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
1517         initfont(FONT);
1518
1519         /* apply default dimensions */
1520         sx = 0;
1521         sy = 0;
1522         sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
1523         sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
1524         setgeom(GEOMETRY);
1525
1526         /* init atoms */
1527         wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
1528         wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
1529         wmatom[WMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_NAME", False);
1530         wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
1531         netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
1532         netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
1533
1534         /* init cursors */
1535         wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_left_ptr);
1536         cursor[CurResize] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_sizing);
1537         cursor[CurMove] = XCreateFontCursor(dpy, XC_fleur);
1538
1539         /* init appearance */
1540         dc.norm[ColBorder] = getcolor(NORMBORDERCOLOR);
1541         dc.norm[ColBG] = getcolor(NORMBGCOLOR);
1542         dc.norm[ColFG] = getcolor(NORMFGCOLOR);
1543         dc.sel[ColBorder] = getcolor(SELBORDERCOLOR);
1544         dc.sel[ColBG] = getcolor(SELBGCOLOR);
1545         dc.sel[ColFG] = getcolor(SELFGCOLOR);
1546         initfont(FONT);
1547         dc.h = bh;
1548         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, DisplayWidth(dpy, screen), bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1549         dc.gc = XCreateGC(dpy, root, 0, 0);
1550         XSetLineAttributes(dpy, dc.gc, 1, LineSolid, CapButt, JoinMiter);
1551         if(!dc.font.set)
1552                 XSetFont(dpy, dc.gc, dc.font.xfont->fid);
1553
1554         /* init tags */
1555         seltags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1556         prevtags = emallocz(TAGSZ);
1557         seltags[0] = prevtags[0] = True;
1558
1559         /* init layouts */
1560         lt = &layouts[0];
1561
1562         /* init bar */
1563         for(blw = i = 0; i < LENGTH(layouts); i++) {
1564                 i = textw(layouts[i].symbol);
1565                 if(i > blw)
1566                         blw = i;
1567         }
1568
1569         wa.override_redirect = 1;
1570         wa.background_pixmap = ParentRelative;
1571         wa.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask;
1572
1573         barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, bx, by, bw, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
1574                                 CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
1575                                 CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
1576         XDefineCursor(dpy, barwin, cursor[CurNormal]);
1577         XMapRaised(dpy, barwin);
1578         strcpy(stext, "dwm-"VERSION);
1579         drawbar();
1580
1581         /* EWMH support per view */
1582         XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
1583                         PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
1584
1585         /* select for events */
1586         wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
1587                         |EnterWindowMask|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask;
1588         XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
1589         XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
1590
1591
1592         /* grab keys */
1593         grabkeys();
1594 }
1595
1596 void
1597 spawn(const char *arg) {
1598         static char *shell = NULL;
1599
1600         if(!shell && !(shell = getenv("SHELL")))
1601                 shell = "/bin/sh";
1602         if(!arg)
1603                 return;
1604         /* The double-fork construct avoids zombie processes and keeps the code
1605          * clean from stupid signal handlers. */
1606         if(fork() == 0) {
1607                 if(fork() == 0) {
1608                         if(dpy)
1609                                 close(ConnectionNumber(dpy));
1610                         setsid();
1611                         execl(shell, shell, "-c", arg, (char *)NULL);
1612                         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execl '%s -c %s'", shell, arg);
1613                         perror(" failed");
1614                 }
1615                 exit(0);
1616         }
1617         wait(0);
1618 }
1619
1620 void
1621 tag(const char *arg) {
1622         unsigned int i;
1623
1624         if(!sel)
1625                 return;
1626         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1627                 sel->tags[i] = (NULL == arg);
1628         sel->tags[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1629         arrange();
1630 }
1631
1632 unsigned int
1633 textnw(const char *text, unsigned int len) {
1634         XRectangle r;
1635
1636         if(dc.font.set) {
1637                 XmbTextExtents(dc.font.set, text, len, NULL, &r);
1638                 return r.width;
1639         }
1640         return XTextWidth(dc.font.xfont, text, len);
1641 }
1642
1643 unsigned int
1644 textw(const char *text) {
1645         return textnw(text, strlen(text)) + dc.font.height;
1646 }
1647
1648 void
1649 tileh(void) {
1650         int x, w;
1651         unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1652         Client *c;
1653
1654         if(n == 0)
1655                 return;
1656         c = tilemaster(n);
1657         if(--n == 0)
1658                 return;
1659
1660         x = tx;
1661         w = tw / n;
1662         if(w < bh)
1663                 w = tw;
1664
1665         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1666                 if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1667                         tileresize(c, x, ty, (tx + tw) - x - 2 * c->border, th - 2 * c->border);
1668                 else
1669                         tileresize(c, x, ty, w - 2 * c->border, th - 2 * c->border);
1670                 if(w != tw)
1671                         x = c->x + c->w + 2 * c->border;
1672         }
1673 }
1674
1675 Client *
1676 tilemaster(unsigned int n) {
1677         Client *c = nexttiled(clients);
1678
1679         if(n == 1)
1680                 tileresize(c, mox, moy, mow - 2 * c->border, moh - 2 * c->border);
1681         else
1682                 tileresize(c, mx, my, mw - 2 * c->border, mh - 2 * c->border);
1683         return c;
1684 }
1685
1686 void
1687 tileresize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
1688         resize(c, x, y, w, h, RESIZEHINTS);
1689         if((RESIZEHINTS) && ((c->h < bh) || (c->h > h) || (c->w < bh) || (c->w > w)))
1690                 /* client doesn't accept size constraints */
1691                 resize(c, x, y, w, h, False);
1692 }
1693
1694 void
1695 tilev(void) {
1696         int y, h;
1697         unsigned int i, n = counttiled();
1698         Client *c;
1699
1700         if(n == 0)
1701                 return;
1702         c = tilemaster(n);
1703         if(--n == 0)
1704                 return;
1705
1706         y = ty;
1707         h = th / n;
1708         if(h < bh)
1709                 h = th;
1710
1711         for(i = 0, c = nexttiled(c->next); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++) {
1712                 if(i + 1 == n) /* remainder */
1713                         tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->border, (ty + th) - y - 2 * c->border);
1714                 else
1715                         tileresize(c, tx, y, tw - 2 * c->border, h - 2 * c->border);
1716                 if(h != th)
1717                         y = c->y + c->h + 2 * c->border;
1718         }
1719 }
1720
1721 void
1722 togglefloating(const char *arg) {
1723         if(!sel)
1724                 return;
1725         sel->isfloating = !sel->isfloating;
1726         if(sel->isfloating)
1727                 resize(sel, sel->x, sel->y, sel->w, sel->h, True);
1728         arrange();
1729 }
1730
1731 void
1732 toggletag(const char *arg) {
1733         unsigned int i, j;
1734
1735         if(!sel)
1736                 return;
1737         i = idxoftag(arg);
1738         sel->tags[i] = !sel->tags[i];
1739         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !sel->tags[j]; j++);
1740         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1741                 sel->tags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be enabled */
1742         arrange();
1743 }
1744
1745 void
1746 toggleview(const char *arg) {
1747         unsigned int i, j;
1748
1749         i = idxoftag(arg);
1750         seltags[i] = !seltags[i];
1751         for(j = 0; j < LENGTH(tags) && !seltags[j]; j++);
1752         if(j == LENGTH(tags))
1753                 seltags[i] = True; /* at least one tag must be viewed */
1754         arrange();
1755 }
1756
1757 void
1758 unban(Client *c) {
1759         if(!c->isbanned)
1760                 return;
1761         XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
1762         c->isbanned = False;
1763 }
1764
1765 void
1766 unmanage(Client *c) {
1767         XWindowChanges wc;
1768
1769         wc.border_width = c->oldborder;
1770         /* The server grab construct avoids race conditions. */
1771         XGrabServer(dpy);
1772         XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
1773         XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
1774         detach(c);
1775         detachstack(c);
1776         if(sel == c)
1777                 focus(NULL);
1778         XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
1779         setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
1780         free(c->tags);
1781         free(c);
1782         XSync(dpy, False);
1783         XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
1784         XUngrabServer(dpy);
1785         arrange();
1786 }
1787
1788 void
1789 unmapnotify(XEvent *e) {
1790         Client *c;
1791         XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;
1792
1793         if((c = getclient(ev->window)))
1794                 unmanage(c);
1795 }
1796
1797 void
1798 updatebarpos(void) {
1799
1800         if(dc.drawable != 0)
1801                 XFreePixmap(dpy, dc.drawable);
1802         dc.drawable = XCreatePixmap(dpy, root, bw, bh, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen));
1803         XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, barwin, bx, by, bw, bh);
1804 }
1805
1806 void
1807 updatesizehints(Client *c) {
1808         long msize;
1809         XSizeHints size;
1810
1811         if(!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize) || !size.flags)
1812                 size.flags = PSize;
1813         c->flags = size.flags;
1814         if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1815                 c->basew = size.base_width;
1816                 c->baseh = size.base_height;
1817         }
1818         else if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1819                 c->basew = size.min_width;
1820                 c->baseh = size.min_height;
1821         }
1822         else
1823                 c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
1824         if(c->flags & PResizeInc) {
1825                 c->incw = size.width_inc;
1826                 c->inch = size.height_inc;
1827         }
1828         else
1829                 c->incw = c->inch = 0;
1830         if(c->flags & PMaxSize) {
1831                 c->maxw = size.max_width;
1832                 c->maxh = size.max_height;
1833         }
1834         else
1835                 c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
1836         if(c->flags & PMinSize) {
1837                 c->minw = size.min_width;
1838                 c->minh = size.min_height;
1839         }
1840         else if(c->flags & PBaseSize) {
1841                 c->minw = size.base_width;
1842                 c->minh = size.base_height;
1843         }
1844         else
1845                 c->minw = c->minh = 0;
1846         if(c->flags & PAspect) {
1847                 c->minax = size.min_aspect.x;
1848                 c->maxax = size.max_aspect.x;
1849                 c->minay = size.min_aspect.y;
1850                 c->maxay = size.max_aspect.y;
1851         }
1852         else
1853                 c->minax = c->maxax = c->minay = c->maxay = 0;
1854         c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->minw && c->maxh && c->minh
1855                         && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
1856 }
1857
1858 void
1859 updatetitle(Client *c) {
1860         if(!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
1861                 gettextprop(c->win, wmatom[WMName], c->name, sizeof c->name);
1862 }
1863
1864 void
1865 updatewmhints(Client *c) {
1866         XWMHints *wmh;
1867
1868         if((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
1869                 if(c == sel)
1870                         sel->isurgent = False;
1871                 else
1872                         c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? True : False;
1873                 XFree(wmh);
1874         }
1875 }
1876
1877
1878 void
1879 view(const char *arg) {
1880         unsigned int i;
1881
1882         for(i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++)
1883                 tmp[i] = (NULL == arg);
1884         tmp[idxoftag(arg)] = True;
1885
1886         if(memcmp(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ) != 0) {
1887                 memcpy(prevtags, seltags, TAGSZ);
1888                 memcpy(seltags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1889                 arrange();
1890         }
1891 }
1892
1893 void
1894 viewprevtag(const char *arg) {
1895
1896         memcpy(tmp, seltags, TAGSZ);
1897         memcpy(seltags, prevtags, TAGSZ);
1898         memcpy(prevtags, tmp, TAGSZ);
1899         arrange();
1900 }
1901
1902 /* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
1903  * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's).  Other types of errors call Xlibs
1904  * default error handler, which may call exit.  */
1905 int
1906 xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1907         if(ee->error_code == BadWindow
1908         || (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1909         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1910         || (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1911         || (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
1912         || (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
1913         || (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
1914         || (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
1915                 return 0;
1916         fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
1917                 ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
1918         return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
1919 }
1920
1921 int
1922 xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1923         return 0;
1924 }
1925
1926 /* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
1927  * is already running. */
1928 int
1929 xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee) {
1930         otherwm = True;
1931         return -1;
1932 }
1933
1934 void
1935 zoom(const char *arg) {
1936         Client *c = sel;
1937
1938         if(!sel || lt->isfloating || sel->isfloating)
1939                 return;
1940         if(c == nexttiled(clients))
1941                 if(!(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
1942                         return;
1943         detach(c);
1944         attach(c);
1945         focus(c);
1946         arrange();
1947 }
1948
1949 int
1950 main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
1951         if(argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
1952                 eprint("dwm-"VERSION", © 2006-2008 dwm engineers, see LICENSE for details\n");
1953         else if(argc != 1)
1954                 eprint("usage: dwm [-v]\n");
1955
1956         setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
1957         if(!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(0)))
1958                 eprint("dwm: cannot open display\n");
1959
1960         checkotherwm();
1961         setup();
1962         scan();
1963         run();
1964         cleanup();
1965
1966         XCloseDisplay(dpy);
1967         return 0;
1968 }